I. What is allergic rhinitis?
Allergic rhinitis, also known as allergic rhinitis, is a nasal condition caused by allergy to certain substances in the surrounding environment, divided into seasonal and perennial. The allergic principle of perennial allergy is caused by allergens that are closely related to people’s life, such as dust, mites, animal dander, feathers and cotton wool. There are also some food allergens that can cause nasal and respiratory symptoms, such as milk, eggs, peanuts, fish and shrimp, fruits, etc. Certain chemicals and preparations can also cause allergic rhinitis.
Second, the symptoms of allergic rhinitis.
1, sneezing: daily paroxysmal episodes, can be more than one in a row, more than 10 in heavy cases, intermittent periods can be normal.
2. Clear snot: the attack can be accompanied by a large amount of clear water-like snot.
3. Nasal congestion: The severity varies according to the condition.
4.Nasal itch: It may also be eye itch, ear itch, throat itch, etc.
5.Decreased sense of smell, intermittent headache, poor sleep quality, etc.
What are the complications of allergic rhinitis?
1, leading to sinusitis, nasal polyps.
2.Allergic pharyngitis, airway hyperreactivity.
3.Secretory otitis media – fluid accumulation in the ear, hearing loss.
4.Bronchial asthma.
5.Allergic dermatitis.
6.Allergic gastroenteritis, etc.
IV. Avoidance therapy for allergic rhinitis.
That is, try to avoid contact with allergens, or reduce the chance of contact with allergens.
1, hay fever patients should leave the pollen dispersal area during the allergy season.
2. Those allergic to dog and cat hair should stop keeping pets.
3.People with mite or fungal allergies should do the following.
① Do not lay carpets.
② Do not hug hairy dolls (toys).
③ Wash bed sheets and bedding once every 2 weeks and use boiling water after washing.
④Mattress, house dust with vacuum cleaner, once a week, but the vacuum cleaner host should be placed outside the window.
⑤ Wash the filter and wind wheel of the air conditioner indoor unit regularly.
⑥People with food allergies should abstain from eating allergic items.
⑦ Avoid using allergic chemicals, preparations, etc.
V. Medication for allergic rhinitis.
Allergic rhinitis medication are all symptomatic treatment, but if used properly can receive good control effect and minimal adverse reactions. There are usually the following drugs.
1, intranasal steroid sprays: such as Renolcort, co-solvadex, endosulfan, etc.. Although the drugs are also very effective when taken orally, but the side effects of oral drugs, currently advocate the use of nasal sprays, even long-term use without significant adverse reactions, the standard use of such nasal sprays.
① If the symptoms are mild – moderate, it is recommended that only the morning spray, such as heavy symptoms can be sprayed in the morning and evening.
② morning before brushing the nose, first open the lid of the spray bottle, shake a few times to try spraying 1-2 times to confirm that there is a uniform spray of liquid, and then put the nozzle into the nostrils, the direction slightly to the outside, press the spray bottle button 1-2 times, spray the nose while inhaling a little.
③Brush your teeth and rinse your mouth immediately after spraying your nose, which can reduce the side effects of the spray.
④If the drug works well, after 2-4 weeks can gradually reduce the dose of nasal spray until a minimum maintenance amount is found, operation details and when to stop the drug, please consult the treating physician.
2, intranasal antihistamine spray: such as Acetapine, Lefotene, etc.. This type of drug is very effective when used, but the maintenance time is short, usually 2 times a day to spray, the advantage is no first class drugs side effects. If you can combine with the first class of drugs – spray the first class of drugs in the morning, spray the second class of drugs in the evening can receive better results.
3, antihistamine oral medication: there are many varieties. It should be noted that some of these drugs will have side effects such as drowsiness, driving or doing work with high balance requirements (such as work at height) should not be used. There are also non-drowsy drugs, but more expensive.
4, other complementary drugs: such as dexamethasone, prednisone, Eugenol tablets, Shunyerin, etc., must be added or subtracted by the doctor according to the condition.
Sixth, immunotherapy.
Also known as desensitization therapy, mainly for patients allergic to inhalants, generally only for patients between the ages of 4 and 50, especially children with asthma. The treatment must be chosen before the skin prick test, such as + + or more positive results can be desensitized. However, the treatment is more effective if multiple allergens can be detected by blood sampling to exclude other allergic factors.
If no desensitization is done, medication alone may require long-term medication for several years or longer. However, if appropriate desensitization treatment is chosen, 80% of patients can achieve seizure-free status after about 2 years of desensitization by reducing medication or stopping medication. At present, there are two main ways of desensitization treatment.
1, subcutaneous injection method, must be regular once a week to the hospital injection, for two years, the total cost of about 30,000.
2, sublingual method, according to medical advice to take the medicine home every day to the drops under the tongue, containing 1 minute after swallowing, once a day. Must be adhered to every day, more than two years in a row, the monthly cost required 250-300 yuan.
VII. Surgical treatment.
1, reduce the sensitivity of the nasal mucosa, such as laser, radiofrequency, freezing and other treatments.
2, nerve block: such as microwave, radiofrequency, local closure, etc.
3.With nasal septal deviation, it is feasible to correct the septal deviation and cauterize and cut off the sensitive nerve.
4.If sinusitis and nasal polyps are not well treated by conservative treatment, endoscopic surgery is feasible.
Eight, Chinese herbal medicine treatment.
Chinese medicine is mainly divided into lung qi weak type, lung spleen qi deficiency type, kidney yang deficiency type and lung meridian fever type according to the patient’s physical condition. The dialectical treatment plays a supplementary therapeutic role. In conclusion, if you have allergic diseases, you should follow the following principles to control them well, improve the quality of life and prevent asthma attacks.
1. You must go to the department of otorhinolaryngology of a tertiary care hospital with a specialty in allergic reactions.
2.The relevant allergens must be identified through examination.
3.According to the examination results, the allergens in the living and working environment are controlled to the lowest density.
4.Intranasal spray is the first-line drug of choice, with good efficacy and few side effects, and must be prescribed and directed by a doctor. Standardized nasal spray method is a good way to ensure the efficacy of the treatment.
5.Oral medication is generally not recommended for long-term use unless your doctor thinks your condition requires it.
6.Desensitization treatment is more expensive because of the long course of treatment, so it must be carried out according to your economic status, clear examination and standardization.
7.Surgical treatment should be considered according to your condition and under the guidance of your doctor.
8.If you want to know more about the details of allergic rhinitis treatment, please ask the specialist for information or consultation.