Should I have surgery for anal papillary fibroma and will it become cancerous? This is a question that many patients are concerned about. First of all, the anal papilla is a normal structure of the body, a kind of fibrous connective tissue, the number of which varies from person to person, 1-4 in the country; large anal papilla can be plum-like or pear-shaped, which may be the remains of the anal membrane when embryonic, or may be an acquired tissue; anal papillar hypertrophy is the normal anal papilla due to chronic inflammatory stimulation caused by the proliferation of fibrous connective tissue, generally prolapsing in the anus is called anal papillar fibroma. The main manifestations of anal papillar hypertrophy and anal papillar fibroma are: (1) anal discomfort: the patient has anal discomfort such as swelling and swelling, no local pressure pain, the prolapsed object can be one or several. (2) Pain: If the anal mass is prolapsed, if it cannot be retracted and embedded in the anal part, or if the prolapsed mass rubs repeatedly with stool and clothes, inflammation may occur, and pain may be unbearable at this time. (3) In addition, due to the repeated prolapse of the mass, the stimulation of secretion increases, causing anal itching and dampness, and the blockage of the anal canal by huge anal papilloma can cause constipation and fecal deformation. The prolapsed anal papilla is conical or hammer-shaped, grayish-white, with epithelial surface, moderately hard texture, large head with tip, usually without blood in stool, often with pain and anal swelling; while the internal hemorrhoid is a purple or bright red venous mass, without tip, with mucous membrane on the surface, congested and prone to bleeding. The internal hemorrhoid is a purple or bright red vein mass, without a tip, and the surface is mucous membrane, congested with blood and easily bleeding. Some people also worry about whether it is a “rectal polyp”, the lower rectal polyp can often be prolapsed outside the anus, can be self-returned, polyp surface is mucous membrane, mucous membrane inflammation is strawberry-shaped, prolapsed polyp has a tip, often easy to bleed, pathological examination can be diagnosed. In the treatment of this piece is the biggest doubt of patients, they will ask: “I do not have discomfort symptoms, just sometimes prolapse, should I do surgery, will it be malignant”, and the explanation of the tumor, as a class of mass-like lesions occurring in the body surface or a tissue. It is a superfluous organism produced by stagnant blood, phlegm, and turbid Qi staying in the tissue. Most of them are benign tumors, which occur on the surface of the body, develop slowly, generally have no conscious symptoms, and do not dissipate easily in the long term. For this disease, we advocate early diagnosis and regular follow-up. If the accompanying symptoms are obvious or the mass grows fast, surgery should be performed as soon as possible; in general, it will not become cancerous, but if surgical excision is performed, a pathological examination should be done to clarify.