Breast fibroadenoma is a mixed tumor of fibrous tissue and glandular epithelium that occurs in the lobules of the breast and is the most common type of benign breast tumor. Breast fibroadenoma can occur in women of any age after puberty, but it is more common in young women between the ages of 18 and 25. The occurrence of this disease is related to endocrine hormone imbalance, such as estrogen relative or absolute elevation can cause this disease. I. Etiology The cause of this disease is the abnormal increase in the sensitivity of fibroblasts to estrogen in the lobules, which may be related to the quantitative or qualitative abnormality of the estrogen receptor contained in the fibroblasts. Estrogen is the stimulating factor for the development of this disease, so the fibroadenoma occurs in the ovarian function stage. Classification Clinically, it can be divided into three types: 1. Ordinary type fibroadenoma This type is the most common, with small tumors and slow growth, usually below 3 cm. 2, youth type fibroadenoma mostly occurs in the period of menarche, clinically less common, characterized by faster growth, larger tumors, the course of the disease in about 1 year can occupy the whole breast, the maximum diameter of the lump is 1 ~ 13 cm. Macrofibroadenoma is common in middle-aged women, which can be seen in women before and after pregnancy, breastfeeding and amenorrhea, characterized by large growth, which can be more than 10 centimeters or larger, and occasionally can have sarcomatous changes. Clinical manifestations 1.Lump Most of them are found unintentionally with lumps in the breast, 2/3 of them are 1-3 cm in size, and some of them are more than 10 cm in size, and the largest one can be up to 24 cm in size. Most of the lumps are found in the upper part of the breast, most of them are single, a few are multiple, round or oval, with clear boundary, smooth surface, toughness, good activity, and no adhesion with epidermis and pectoral muscle. 2.Pain Most of them are painless lumps, only 14% of them have mild pain, which is paroxysmal or occasional or stimulated during menstruation. 3.Nipple There is clear overflow, but it is rare, accounting for about 0,75%. Axillary lymph nodes are not enlarged. Ask about the age of onset of the tumor, which is mostly seen in young women. This tumor is usually seen in young women. It usually manifests as painless breast lumps and often grows slowly. Physical examination reveals ovoid or oval breast lumps; the size varies, small ones are like cherries, and the diameter of large tumors can be more than 10 centimeters (e.g., the diameter of the tumor is ≥7 centimeters, which is known as megafibroadenoma); the texture is firm like a hard rubber, the surface is smooth, the border is clear, it is not adherent to the surrounding tissues, and easy to be slipped when touched. The tumor may be multiple, but most of them are solitary. Auxiliary examination: Mammography, ultrasound and infrared thermography can be used to help diagnose the tumor. (1) In patients with rich fat in the mammary gland, fibroadenoma shows round or shadow with smooth and sharp edges, uniform density, and a thin translucent halo around the tumor in some cases. There is no increase in vascularity. In dense breast, the tumor does not show up well on X-ray due to its similar density to the breast tissue. Some tumors develop calcification, which can be flaky or irregularly contoured coarse granular calcified foci, ranging in size from 1 to 25L, which is completely different from the fine sand-like calcification of breast cancer. (2) Ultrasound examination: Ultrasound examination can show the soft tissue structure of the breast at all levels and the shape, size and density of the lump. The tumor of fibroadenoma is mostly round or oval hypoechoic area, with clear and neat boundary, uniform distribution of internal echoes, weak light spots, complete posterior wall line, and lateral acoustic shadow. The posterior echogenicity of the tumor is enhanced, and if there is calcification, acoustic shadows may appear behind the calcification point. In recent years, the use of color Doppler ultrasound to detect the blood status of breast tumors to determine the benign or malignant nature of the tumor is very helpful in the diagnosis of this disease. (3) Fine-needle aspiration cytologic examination, the needle sensation is between tough and brittle, and the amount of cells aspirated by the needle is often large. The distribution of catheter epithelial cells is mostly flaky, neatly arranged, non-overlapping, such as brick paving, with a large number of bipolar naked nucleated cells. The diagnostic compliance rate is more than 90%. A few cells with large nuclei, obvious anomaly, rough chromatin and unequal cell size can be misdiagnosed as cancer, resulting in false positives, which should be paid special attention to. (4) Infrared scanning examination shows that the transmittance of the tumor and the surrounding breast tissue is basically the same, or it is a gray shadow with a sharp edge, and there is no dark shadow without peripheral vascular changes. Although breast fibroadenoma is benign, it has the possibility of malignant transformation, so once found, it should be surgically removed. Surgery can be performed under local anesthesia. After revealing the tumor, it should be excised together with its peritoneum. The cut mass must be routinely pathologically examined to exclude the possibility of malignant lesions. Love breasts and insist on physical examination Women of different ages should insist on self-examination of breasts, which should be carried out every month after menstruation; women over 30 years old should go to breast specialist for physical examination once a year, and women over 40 years old should ask specialists to carry out physical examination once a year every half a year, so as to achieve early detection and early treatment. 2.Keep a good mindset and healthy life rhythm Overcoming bad dietary habits and hobbies, regular work and life are effective ways to prevent breast diseases. 3, correctly treat breast diseases, do not avoid medical treatment Immediately after the discovery of breast lumps, find a breast specialist to check and cooperate with the treatment. Although breast fibroids are benign tumors, there is a possibility of malignant transformation, especially if the tumor grows rapidly during pregnancy and lactation, or if the age is older and the course of the disease is longer, or if it is accompanied by breast hyperplasia or recurrence several times, the patient should be more vigilant, and consult the doctor in time, so as to prevent the change of the condition. Every female friend should do early prevention, early detection and early treatment, and pay special attention to their breasts.