Surgical resection is the first choice for early-stage liver cancer, but because most liver cancer patients are combined with chronic hepatitis B or cirrhosis, they have poor surgical tolerance, and many of them have the risk of postoperative liver function loss or even liver failure. In recent years, local ablation therapy has been widely used, which is less invasive and more effective, so that some patients with liver cancer who are intolerant to surgical resection can also have a chance to be cured. Local ablation therapy is a type of treatment that directly kills tumor tissues by physical or chemical methods with the guidance of medical imaging technology to target and locate the tumor. It mainly includes radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA), cryotherapy, high power focused ultrasound ablation (HIFU) and anhydrous ethanol injection (PEI). Commonly used clinical ablation means: Radiofrequency ablation: RF ablation is the most representative local ablation treatment modality. Radiofrequency wave is essentially an electromagnetic wave in a specific range, and most of the current medical radiofrequency adopts the frequency of 200KHz-750KHz. When the radio frequency current flows through the human tissue, the rapid change of electromagnetic field makes the positive and negative ions in the cell move rapidly, so the friction between them and other molecules and ions in the cell makes the lesion site warm up, resulting in the evaporation of water inside and outside the cell, drying, solidification and shedding to sterile necrosis, so as to achieve the purpose of treatment. Microwave ablation: microwave ablation is also a commonly used thermal ablation method in China, microwave is the frequency of 300MHZ-300GHZ high frequency electromagnetic waves. The current clinical application of microwave frequency is mostly 2450MHZ. in microwave ablation mainly through the violent movement of water molecules frictional heat generation and lead to cell coagulation necrosis. The current study shows that the effect of radiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation treatment is similar. Ablation route: There are three routes of ablation: percutaneous, laparoscopic and open. Most small hepatocellular carcinomas can be ablated by percutaneous puncture, which is economical, convenient and minimally invasive. Hepatocellular carcinoma located under the hepatic envelope, especially those protruding outside the hepatic envelope, which are more risky to be ablated by percutaneous puncture or difficult to be guided by imaging, can be considered by open ablation and trans-laparoscopic ablation. Indications: Local ablation can be used for the treatment of primary hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic metastases. The currently recommended indications are: single tumor diameter ≤ 5 cm or no more than 3 tumor nodes, maximum tumor diameter ≤ 3 cm, no vascular, bile duct and adjacent organ invasion and distant metastases, and patients with liver function classification of Child-Pugh grade A or B. Common complications: Local ablation therapy is less invasive and few complications occur. The main complications include: bleeding from needle tract, bile leakage, damage to surrounding tissues or organs (bile duct, gallbladder, gastrointestinal tract, diaphragm, abdominal wall, etc.), incomplete tumor ablation, etc. Evaluation and follow-up after ablation treatment of liver cancer: About 1 month after local ablation, it is recommended to review dynamic enhanced CT or MRI of liver or ultrasonography to evaluate the ablation effect. For those who have tumor residual after treatment, re-ablation treatment can be performed. After complete ablation, regular follow-up review should be performed, usually every 3 months within 2 years after surgery and every 6 months after 2 years, including: tumor markers, ultrasound, MRI or CT, in order to detect possible local recurrent lesions and new lesions in the liver for timely treatment.