The first thing to state is that leukemia is no longer a terminal disease, it is a disease that can be treated and improved. In the perception of some people, leukemia is a terminal disease, and once the disease is present, they are extremely sad and self-destructive. In fact, this perception comes from what the public has seen or heard about leukemia treatment in the past and is related to not understanding the progress of modern medicine. Leukemia is no longer a terminal disease, it can be treated. Of course, because leukemia is a malignant disease with an incompletely understood cause, it will take continuous efforts from us humans to completely and fully cure leukemia. First of all, it is important to recognize that research and treatment regarding leukemia is not the same as it was in the past. Currently, leukemia is treated with standardized treatment and very good results have been obtained. Treatments include hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, combined chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, etc. Many leukemia patients have lived and worked like normal people after treatment. At present, the treatment of leukemia is already the era of individualized treatment under scientific guidance, and scientific and selective treatment can be achieved for each patient. However, contrary to the extremely pessimistic attitude towards leukemia, some leukemia patients are eager for treatment and hesitate to make up their mind when there is a possibility of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which should be performed in time. In this regard, if your condition is highly dangerous and you have a suitable donor and indications for transplantation, the earlier the transplantation, the better the results. In other cases, after receiving the correct diagnosis, the patient does not receive systematic chemotherapy in a timely manner, but looks around for a suitable transplant donor, with predictable results. In this regard, it is recommended that you listen to your doctor’s diagnosis and treatment advice and get timely treatment. Your doctor will make a correct diagnosis, determine the risk and prognosis, and propose an appropriate treatment plan based on your clinical presentation and cytomorphological, immunological, chromosomal and fusion gene examinations. Don’t give up lightly in the face of leukemia treatment. After achieving remission with the first chemotherapy, it is important to insist on consolidation and intensive treatment. The principles, protocols, and technical lines of treatment are different for different types and subtypes of leukemia. Some patients are sensitive to conventional chemotherapy and can be cured by chemotherapy alone. Not all leukemias require hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Modern chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia can cure more than 80% of children with the disease, and many of them have grown up healthy, married, and are working normally. Induced differentiation therapy with vitamin A derivatives or arsenic treatment can cure more than 95% of adults with acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3). Scientifically standardized chemotherapy can cure in nearly 50% of adult acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia (M1/M2). Specific monoclonal antibodies, oncogene product inhibitors, specific immune cell therapy, growth factor receptor antagonists, and other therapeutic options are available to address the molecular mechanisms of leukemia pathogenesis. For example, Gleevec for the treatment of chronic granulocytic leukemia, i.e., excellent results, can be achieved in some patients without the option of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation therapy. Conventional HSCT treatment begins with finding a donor with an exact HLA (human leukocyte antigen) match. However, the probability of an exact HLA match is very low, even for siblings, and the chance of finding a matching donor in a non-related population is 1 in 1,000 to 1 in 10,000. However, under current conditions, it is not necessary to have an HLA-matched donor, and transplantation can be performed with a half-matched HLA using new treatment routes. In recent years, great progress has been made with semi-matched bone marrow transplantation between patients’ relatives. Patients can find semi-matched donors among their parents, children, siblings, and cousins, which can save the lives of some patients in a timely manner. When you learn about these advances in leukemia treatment, do you still say that leukemia is a terminal disease?