The kidneys are the most important organ for maintaining environmental balance in the human body. Most of the metabolic wastes are excreted from the kidneys after being metabolized by the body every day. Healthy kidneys have a strong compensatory function to ensure that the human body needs to excrete metabolic waste, but when kidney disease occurs, its function of excreting metabolic waste is also damaged to varying degrees. The vast majority of metabolic waste is produced by the food that people consume, so diet therapy for kidney disease patients is one of the indispensable and alternative treatment methods. Improper diet is not only detrimental to the recovery of kidney disease, but also will aggravate the kidney damage. At the same time, improper living habits are also one of the causes of inducing and aggravating kidney disorders, so establishing good living habits is also one of the methods to prevent and treat kidney diseases.
A. Kidney disease diet and diet therapy
(A) Diet for kidney disease patients
1, non-renal failure patients diet
(1) low salt diet: most chronic nephritis is caused by acute nephritis. When the clinical symptoms of hematuria, proteinuria, swelling, hypertension, the diet should avoid eating more salt. Because of the salt eat more, sodium should be increased, so that the body tissue fluid sodium ion concentration increased, and sodium concentration increased is the formation of edema is an important reason. Sodium can retain water, therefore, patients with kidney disease must avoid salt. When there is edema and low urine volume, in addition to taking medication, you can choose some food with water-supporting application. For example, winter melon is used to treat water retention in the small abdomen, to facilitate urination and quench thirst. Decoction of winter melon skin for tea to promote water and reduce swelling is better. Loofah has cool blood detoxification, diuretic function to reduce swelling.
(2) Quality low protein diet: kidney disease patients constantly lose protein from the urine, and therefore must be supplemented from food. General plasma protein is lower than normal patients, can increase fish, meat, eggs and other high-quality protein food. However, the total amount should be about 0.8g/kg per day, too much intake will instead increase the kidney load, thus damaging the kidneys. The so-called high-quality protein food includes: milk: such as milk, goat milk, horse milk, etc.; meat: such as pork, beef, mutton, chicken, duck, goose, quail, ostrich, etc.; eggs: such as eggs, duck eggs, quail eggs, etc.; fish: such as carp, carp, grass carp, etc.; and soybeans: including soybeans, green beans and black beans, etc., of which soybeans have the highest nutritional value; shellfish food: such as shrimp, crab, oyster (oyster), clam Razor clams, razor clams, snails, dried shellfish, etc. The above foods taste delicious, high nutritional value, containing high protein, a variety of amino acids, as well as vitamins, minerals …… chicken tastes fresher than other livestock, is the top of the tonic food, chicken protein content of up to 29.2%, than the pig, lamb, goose protein is higher than 1/3 or more than double; but chicken skin and chicken soup The phosphorus content is high and should not be ingested.
(3) low-fat diet: kidney disease has more lipid metabolism disorders, manifested as cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein elevated, high-density lipoprotein decreased, so kidney disease should be low-fat diet. Patients should be careful to eat animal fat, fatty meat, animal offal, egg yolk, fried food and other high-fat food.
2, kidney failure patients diet
In addition to low salt and low fat, high quality and low protein diet, renal failure patients should also follow the following principles.
(1) low phosphorus diet: be careful with animal offal, chicken soup, rib soup, soy products, nuts (melon seeds, peanuts, walnuts, pistachios, etc.) food. Excessive intake of phosphorus can cause disorders in the metabolism of calcium, phosphorus and other minerals, which can lead to secondary hyperparathyroidism, causing complications such as itchy skin and renal bone disease.
(2) Low potassium diet: Potassium is an important substance to maintain the acid-base balance of the human body, but because the kidney’s ability to regulate potassium metabolism is significantly reduced in patients with renal failure, it is difficult to maintain the balance of potassium metabolism under acute endogenous and exogenous potassium load, and hyperkalemia occurs, which can lead to serious consequences such as heart rhythm disturbance, blood pressure reduction, cardiac arrest and respiratory arrest. Therefore, patients with kidney failure should be careful to eat foods with high potassium content. Foods high in potassium include: cereals: whole grains, wheat germ; dairy: all kinds of flavored milk; meat: goose, sardines, poultry, fish and lean meat; legumes: red beans, green beans, soybeans, black beans, fava beans; vegetables: dark vegetables (especially red amaranth, green amaranth, hollow cabbage with high content), purple cabbage, kelp, carrots, parsnips, cauliflower, spinach, kelp, potatoes; fruits: bananas, tomatoes, tomatoes, hard tomatoes, barberries. tomatoes, hard tomatoes, guavas, longan, melon, dates, oranges, mangoes contain the highest amount of potassium, citrus, apples, apricots, cantaloupe, cherries, papaya, grapes also contain more potassium; other: chocolate, cocoa, peanuts, yogurt, potatoes, baked sweet potatoes, pumpkin, dried apricots, dried plums, raisins, nuts, especially hazelnuts, pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds and canned pickled products. Note: orange juice, unsalted soy sauce with high potassium content should not be consumed.
(B) Kidney disease diet
1.Egg stew with crucian carp
Main raw materials: 1 carp, 4 eggs, 1 gram of refined salt, 30 grams of rice vinegar, 500 grams of chicken broth, and the right amount of onion and ginger.
Production method: remove the scales and internal organs of carp, marinate it with green onion, ginger and 0.5g of refined salt for 10 minutes, boil it in water and set aside. Add the eggs into the chicken broth, add the green onions and salt, then add the carp to be used, steam for 15 minutes and serve.
Efficacy: Lowering watery energy, facilitating urination, benefiting kidney and filling essence. It is suitable for patients with nephrotic syndrome with severe edema, low urine output and hypoproteinemia.
2.Winter melon and pork loin soup
Main ingredients: 250 grams of winter melon, a pair of pork loin, 9 grams of barley, 9 grams of astragalus, 9 grams of Chinese yam, 5 mushrooms, chicken broth, onion, ginger, each appropriate amount.
How to make: peel and remove the flesh of the winter melon and cut into pieces, pork loin to remove the membrane and cut into slices and wash, scalded with boiling water; pour the chicken soup into a pot and boil, add onion, ginger, barley, astragalus, winter melon with medium heat; 40 minutes later add pork loin, shiitake mushrooms, Chinese yam, change to low heat; after cooking, add MSG and season well.
Serving method: with meals, once a day.
Efficacy: tonify the kidneys and strengthen the waist, benefit dampness and lower pressure. It is suitable for patients with nephrotic syndrome with soreness and weakness of the waist and knees, edema of the lower limbs and hypertension due to dampness and heat.
3.Cao fish winter melon soup
Main ingredients: 300 grams of grass carp, 250 grams of winter melon, onion, ginger, oil, MSG, a little salt.
How to make: heat oil to 60%, add fish, fry fish until golden brown, remove and set aside; wash the melon, remove the skin and flesh and cut into small pieces; take a casserole, add fish, melon, green onion, ginger, add the right amount of water and a little salt, stew for two hours on low heat, stew and add MSG out of the pot.
Serving method: eat meat and drink soup, one dose per day, divided into 1-2 times.
Efficacy of food therapy: clear heat and detoxify the toxin, promote water and dissolve phlegm. Suitable for chronic nephritis urine, cough phlegm, increased blood pressure patients.
4, duck stew with lentils
Main ingredients: duck meat 1200 grams, white lentils 90 grams, 60 grams of gravy, salt, onion, ginger, yellow wine, MSG each appropriate amount
Production method: the old mother duck chopped into pieces, with a high fire will be the oil to 70% heat will be added, stir-fry 3 minutes after cooking into the yellow wine, add the appropriate amount of water to boil; add onion, ginger and a little salt with a steady fire stew, about two hours after the lentils, gravy continue to stew for an hour, when the duck meat rotten add MSG out of the pot.
Serving method: eat with meals, two to three days after consumption.
Therapeutic effect: nourish Yin, nourish deficiency, benefit the kidneys to dispel dampness. Suitable for chronic nephritis edema, Yin deficiency sweating, proteinuria, spermatorrhea patients
5, corn beard porridge
The main ingredients: corn beard 30 grams, 30 grams of psyllium, one white onion, 100 grams of round-grained rice.
How to make: put the cleaned psyllium leaf chopped into a casserole, then put in the corn husk and white onion, add the right amount of water and fry for 60 minutes on low heat; remove the dregs, then add the washed rice, add some water and simmer the porridge, after 40-50 minutes can be removed from the pot.
Serving method: One dose daily, divided into two doses in the morning and evening, seven days for a course of treatment.
Therapeutic efficacy: promote water retention, reduce swelling, promote laxative and drain turbidity. Suitable for patients with acute and chronic nephritis, kidney Meng nephritis, urethritis, cystitis, etc.
Second, kidney disease patients life and health care guidance
1, kidney disease patients life guidance
(1) It is advisable to eat light and easily digestible food, avoid seafood, beef, mutton, spicy and stimulating food, wine and all hairy things such as: five spices, coffee, cilantro, etc.
(2) It is advisable to eat fresh vegetables and appropriate amount of fruit, and drink water appropriately; avoid all tonic, tonic medicine and easy fire food such as: chili, lychee, chocolate, etc.
(3) Neomycin, streptomycin, gentamicin, butamycin, guanfacine and autoimmune injections are prohibited in all patients with nephropathy.
(4) Patients with uremia should keep their bowels open, defecate 2-3 times a day, do not stay up late, abstain from sex, take rest and avoid getting cold.
(5) Those who have been taking hormones and other immunosuppressants should reduce the dosage and frequency of drugs according to the specific situation under the guidance of physicians.
(6) For heavy edema, avoid water and salt and limit the intake of protein food. If edema is not heavy, a low-sodium salt diet can be introduced; for those without edema, there is no need to excessively restrict the intake of water and salt.
(7) Avoid high potassium foods such as bananas, citrus, potatoes, tomatoes, pumpkins, tea, soy sauce and monosodium glutamate in patients with high potassium in uremia; the opposite is true for patients with low potassium.
(8) Avoid eating animal offal, fish, shrimp, crab and mussel, beer, mushrooms, beans and spinach especially if you have high blood uric acid.
(9) Quit drinking and smoking and combine work and rest.
(10) During the treatment period, if there are colds, diarrhea, skin and soft tissue infections, fever of unknown origin, etc., contact the specialist in case of emergency so as to provide timely treatment and avoid aggravating kidney damage.
2, health care guidance for patients with kidney disease
Many chronic kidney disease, the disease is long, especially the use of inaccurate treatment, the disease is prolonged, Chinese medicine believes that “long-term disease must have deficiency”, the patient’s physique is often very weak, can be regulated by some kidney disease diet health program, relying on drugs alone is ineffective, so the diet health care is very important for patients with chronic kidney disease.
(1) Qi and Yin type kidney disease diet, dietary choices and contraindications
The main symptoms of qi-yin injury type: palpitation, chest tightness and shortness of breath, sleeplessness, weakness of the limbs, lumbar weakness, night sweating, dry throat and mouth, mental lethargy, pale face, red tongue with little coating and weak pulse.
Dietary therapy principle for kidney disease of Qi-Yin type: benefit Qi and nourish Yin, nourish liver and kidney.
Qi and Yin two injury type kidney disease diet therapy formula.
1, astragalus ginseng jujube porridge
Astragalus membranaceus 60 grams, ginseng 30 grams, 10 jujube, glutinous rice 100 grams Astragalus membranaceus, ginseng with the dregs of the juice, glutinous rice, jujube together in the pot to cook porridge, add the juice to cook for a few moments, add sugar to the appropriate amount Astragalus membranaceus is sweet and flat, into the lung, spleen meridian, has a tonic qi benefit, solid table to stop sweating effect; ginseng is sweet and flat, into the lung and spleen meridian, has a tonic qi benefit lung nourishing blood and fluid effect; jujube is sweet and warm, into the lung, stomach meridian, strengthen the spleen and stomach, and the spleen and stomach. It is sweet and warm in nature, enters the spleen, stomach and lung meridians, tonifies the middle and benefits the qi, and treats thirst and excessive urination.
2, astragalus, ginseng soup
Astragalus 100 grams, 30 grams of American ginseng, 50 grams of glutinous rice powder, sugar, water 1000 ml Astragalus sliced and wrapped loosely with gauze, ginseng sliced, add water and cook with a gentle fire to about 500 ml, remove the dregs of astragalus, then add glutinous rice powder, sugar, cooked for a few moments into Astragalus is sweet and flat into the spleen, lung meridian, treating spleen, lung Qi deficiency, fatigue; American ginseng is slightly bitter, sweet and cold, into the heart, lung and kidney meridian has to nourish Qi Nourishing Yin, clearing fire and generating fluid, treating Yin deficiency and fire. It is effective for those who have been sick for a long time with kidney disease and weakness and fatigue.
3, Huai Qi Qi Qi blunt water fish
Huai yam 30 grams, 20 grams of Chinese wolfberry, 50 grams of astragalus, water fish 1 (250 grams or so) slaughtered water fish to remove the internal organs and cut, together with the herbs into the stew pot, add the right amount of water, a little salt. Stewed in water and take. Huai Shan is sweet and flat in nature, enters the spleen, lung and kidney meridian, has the function of nourishing qi and nourishing yin, treating spleen, lung and kidney deficiency; Lycium barbarum is sweet and flat in nature, enters the liver, kidney and spleen meridian, nourishing liver and kidney; Astragalus membranaceus is sweet and flat in nature, enters the spleen and lung meridian, treating spleen and lung qi deficiency; Water fish is sweet and flat in nature, enters the liver meridian, has the function of benefiting qi and nourishing yin and cooling blood, treating liver and kidney deficiency, yin deficiency and internal heat. This recipe is effective for kidney disease, deficiency of Qi and Yin, palpitations and shortness of breath, fatigue and weakness of limbs, and insomnia.
4.Astragalus asparagus stewed with black chicken
Astragalus 60 grams, 20 grams of maidenhair, 100 grams of black chicken slaughtered black chicken, remove the viscera and cut into pieces, with the herbs into a stew pot, stewed in water for 2-3 hours Astragalus is sweet and flat, has a tonic effect; maidenhair is sweet and slightly cold, into the lung, heart, stomach meridian. It has the function of moistening the lung, nourishing the yin and generating fluid. This recipe is suitable for those who are troubled by the heart with little sleep, dry throat and mouth, dry cough, and dry stools.
Dietary choices and contraindications for kidney disease of the qi-yin type.
Qi and Yin are deficient, so it is advisable to eat food that nourishes Qi and nourishes Yin, is light and calm, and is rich in nutrients. Such as rice, glutinous rice, yam, pork, carrots, white fruit, lily, grapes, white fungus, yellow fish, snapper, pumpkin, dates, mulberries, cherries, chicken, pork belly, pork kidney, quail, quail eggs, duck meat, fresh shellfish, dried shellfish, sea cucumber, etc..
Avoid warm and all spicy and stimulating foods: such as onion, garlic, chili, ginger, mustard, fennel, coriander, lychee, apricot, shrimp, beef, mutton, cat meat, etc.
(2), spleen and kidney Yang deficiency type of kidney disease diet, dietary choices and contraindications.
Spleen and kidney Yang deficiency type main symptoms: cold form and cold limbs, swelling of the face or limbs, abdominal distention and fullness or chest distention and fullness, dullness, joint pain, lumbar acidity, pale face, little breath and lazy speech, little urination or closed urine, cough, phlegm, pale tongue, tooth marks or tender fat tongue, thin white fur, thin and sunken pulse. This type is mostly for patients with prolonged illness and long-term use of hormones for kidney disease.
Food therapy principle: strengthen the spleen and benefit the qi, tonify the kidney and promote water.
Spleen and kidney Yang deficiency kidney disease diet
1, Epimedium (Xian Ling Spleen) Poria quail stew.
Recipe: Epimedium 30 grams, Poria 30 grams, quail 1
Method: slaughter quail to remove the hair, remove the viscera, wash and cut into pieces, and herbs together into the stew pot, stewed in water for 3 hours, seasoning, eat meat and drink soup.
Efficacy: Epimedium tonic kidney Yang, strengthen muscles and bones; Poria is sweet and light, into the stomach, spleen and lung meridian, beneficial water to remove dampness, tranquilize the mind, the spleen and stomach effect, quail is sweet and flat, can tonic the middle and benefit the qi. This recipe is effective for swollen and painful joints, swollen urine, spleen and kidney Yang deficiency.
2, puzzle nut, winter cordyceps stewed goose meat.
Recipe: 10 grams of puzzle nuts, 5 grams of Cordyceps, 50 grams of goose meat.
Method: wash and cut the goose meat and herbs into the stewpot, add the right amount of water, stewed in water for 3 hours, seasoning, eat meat and drink soup.
Efficacy: puzzle nut has kidney, warm spleen, warm stomach effect; Cordyceps is sweet and flat, into the lung, kidney meridian has tonic lung to resolve phlegm, benefit the kidney to help Yang, cough, asthma effect; goose meat is sweet and flat, into the spleen, stomach meridian, tonic weakness, warming the spleen and stomach, treatment of physical weakness. This recipe is suitable for patients who have been weak for a long time and have long and clear urine and increased nocturia.
3.Red ginseng and Astragalus stewed with squab
Recipe: 10 grams of red ginseng. Astragalus membranaceus 30 grams. Squab 1 (50g).
Method: Slaughter the pigeon, remove the hair, guts and cut into pieces. Add Astragalus membranaceus to water and boil for about 10 minutes, then put it into the stewing pot with ginseng pigeon, stew for 3 hours with water, season and eat the meat and drink the soup.
Effect: Red ginseng is sweet and slightly warm, enters the lung and spleen meridians, treats weakness of Yang and deficiency of spleen and stomach; Beiqi is sweet and warm, enters the spleen and lung meridians, replenishes Qi and promotes Yang, stops sweating and diuresis; squab pigeon is sweet, salty and flat, nourishes liver, kidney and benefits Qi and blood, treats weakness of long illness and deficiency of Qi and blood. This recipe is effective for patients with spleen-kidney yang deficiency, fatigue, cold body and limbs, panic and shortness of breath.
Dietary choices and contraindications for kidney disease with spleen and kidney yang deficiency.
Yang deficiency is cold, it is appropriate to choose warm food, avoid cold food. Warm foods are: glutinous rice, corn, potatoes, peanuts, sesame seeds, vegetable oil, coriander, coriander (also known as coriander), leeks, carrots, pumpkin, mushrooms, fungus, silver fungus, lychee, kumquat, hawthorn, walnut meat, grapes, peaches, coconuts, dates, longan meat, cherries, chestnuts, lean pork, beef, mutton, dog meat, goose meat, pigeon meat, sparrow, eggs, quail eggs, scallops, eels, sea snakes, yellow croaker. yellow croaker. Cold foods are: celery, cabbage, cabbage, watercress, amaranth, white buckwheat, bitter gourd, eggplant, persimmon, orange, grapefruit, raw fish, crab, snail mussel, etc.
(3) Liver and kidney yin deficiency type of kidney disease diet, dietary choices and contraindications
Liver and kidney yin deficiency type main symptoms: chronic low fever, irritable fever, dizziness, dry throat and tongue, back pain and night sweating, hair loss, fatigue, insomnia, tinnitus, dry urine and stool, irregular menstruation in women, red tongue with little coating, thin pulse.
Food therapy principle: nourish liver and kidney; nourish Yin and clear heat
Liver and kidney yin deficiency type of kidney disease food therapy formula.
1, rehmannia, dogwood stewed duck meat
Recipe: 20 grams of rehmannia, 15 grams of dogwood meat, 80 grams of duck meat.
Method: wash and cut the duck meat, with the herbs together with the right amount of water into the stew pot, stewed in water for 3 hours, eat.
Efficacy: Shu Di is sweet and warm in the liver and kidney meridian, nourishing Yin and nourishing blood, treating gastric Yin deficiency; Cornus officinalis is sweet and salty, and has the function of nourishing Yin and nourishing the stomach. This recipe is suitable for patients with lupus nephritis and nephrotic syndrome who suffer from liver and kidney yin deficiency.
2.Shu Di and Zhi Mu stewed quail
Ingredients: 20 grams of Radix Rehmanniae, 20 grams of Zhi Mu, 1 quail.
Preparation: slaughter the quail, remove the hair and viscera, cut into pieces, add water with the herbs into the stewing pot, stew for 3 hours with hydrothermal fire, remove and serve.
Effect: Shu Di is sweet and warm in nature, enters the liver and kidney meridians, nourishes kidney yin; Zhi Mu is bitter and cold in nature, clears heat and nourishes yin to lower fire; quail meat is sweet and flat in nature, nourishes the middle and benefits the qi. This recipe is effective for people with yin deficiency and chronic low fever.
3, raw earth, wolfberry stew rabbit meat
Ingredients: 20 grams of raw earth, 20 grams of wolfberry, rabbit meat 80 grams.
Method: wash and cut the rabbit meat with the herbs together with the right amount of water into the stewpot, stewed in water for 3 hours.
Efficacy: raw earth clears heat and nourishes kidney yin; wolfberry is sweet and calm to nourish the liver and kidney; rabbit meat is sweet and warm to nourish the middle and benefit the qi, nourish yin and cool the blood to detoxify. This recipe is effective for liver and kidney yin deficiency of hot flashes, dry mouth, dizziness
4.Quail stew with ginseng and chasteberry
Ingredients: 10 grams of ginseng, 30 grams of chasteberry, 1 quail.
Preparation: slaughter the quail to remove the hair, viscera, and herbs together with the appropriate amount of water into the stew pot, stewed in water for 3 hours, eat meat and drink soup.
Efficacy: Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng is sweet and bitter to replenish the qi; Radix et Rhizoma Polygonatum is sweet and bitter to enter the liver and kidney meridian, nourishing the yin and replenishing the kidney; quail is sweet and flat to replenish the qi; this recipe nourishes the yin and replenishes the kidney yin, which is effective for those who have been ill for a long time with yin deficiency and fire and shortage of energy.
Dietary choices and contraindications for liver and kidney yin deficiency type of kidney disease.
Patients with liver and kidney yin deficiency should eat nourishing liver and kidney, nourishing yin and clearing heat, such as coix seeds, adzuki beans, carrots, cabbage, celery, wild rice, pears, peaches, dates, apples, mulberries, grapes, cherries, oyster chicken, pork, pig liver, quail, quail eggs, rabbit, frog, duck, pigeon, fresh shellfish, dried shellfish, kelp, abalone, yellowtail, scallops, snapper. Avoid warm foods (see previous section).