Varicocele is a coarctation and dilatation of the veins in the spermatic cord due to obstruction of reflux. It is a common disease in young adults and is caused by the dilation, tortuosity and elongation of the vasculature of the spermatic plexus (venous plexus) due to stagnation of blood flow in the spermatic cord. When standing for long periods of time, varicocele results in a distended scrotum, a feeling of heaviness and swelling, and even painful discomfort that can radiate to the lower abdomen, groin, or thighs, and is relieved by lying down and resting. Because varicocele can have a significant adverse effect on the testes, it can cause abnormal semen quality in men, and studies have found that the incidence of varicocele in male infertility reaches 39%, and in secondary infertility the incidence is as high as 60% to 70%. Clinical symptoms and the degree of varicocele can be inconsistent, and some patients with very severe varicocele can have no symptoms or get pregnant and have children as desired. Surgery is currently the only effective treatment for varicocele, eliminating the local swelling and pain associated with the disease, improving semen quality, and increasing the chances of fertility. In practice, the main indications for surgical treatment include: varicocele causes significant pain and discomfort on the affected side, which interferes with the patient’s work and life; varicocele causes testicular spermatogenic dysfunction and progressive decrease in semen quality, which affects male fertility; the testicle on the affected side of varicocele is significantly smaller and softer compared to the opposite testicle. Common surgical methods include open surgical high ligation of the spermatic veins, laparoscopic surgical high ligation of the spermatic veins, embolization sclerotherapy, and microscopic ligation of the spermatic vessels. Since many people with varicocele can also have children, having varicocele does not always affect fertility. The key to fertility in varicocele patients is the degree of testicular damage caused by the disease, which can be determined by a simple testicular examination and semen analysis. For those who are infertile combined with varicocele, if the semen examination results are normal, surgery can be temporarily disregarded and regular semen routine examination can be performed every 3 to 6 months. As long as there is no significant change in semen quality, it can be kept under observation and attention can be paid to finding other factors of infertility, especially the evaluation of wife’s fertility. For those male infertility patients who have varicocele and have abnormal semen quality, varicocele may not be the only cause of infertility, and surgical treatment of the varicocele is one of the major factors addressed. Overall, the improvement in the routine semen examination of the patients can reach 50% to 70%, and 30% to 40% of them can make their wives pregnant naturally, within 1 to 2 years after the surgery. Some of the surgically treated varicocele patients still do not have children after several years, the possible reasons are: the timing of surgery is too late, after all, varicocele is a progressive aggravating disease and can cause damage to the testicles that is difficult to recover; there are other factors affecting fertility that are not removed at the same time; the wife has factors that affect fertility; there are potential factors that are not yet recognized by modern medicine affecting fertility. In fact, many infertile men seek medical treatment with the goal of having a child. For those who choose surgical treatment of varicocele with little possibility of regaining natural fertility, especially those who are older and need to resolve their fertility problems as soon as possible, then choosing laboratory techniques to resolve fertility problems is also a practical option.