Hypospadias is a common condition, but surgical treatment is a nightmare for many doctors, patients, and families because the “failure rate” is so high. Urethral fistula, urethral stricture, unsightly appearance …… In fact, strictly speaking, “urethral fistula, urethral stricture” are surgical complications, complications can be corrected by surgery again, belong to the “good thing is more than good”. The “good thing is that there are many complications. The most reluctant of these is the urinary fistula, which parents and patients do not want to accept. Parents are very nervous on the day of extubation and are looking forward to the first urination after surgery. The first few postoperative urinations often show a bifurcation or divergence of the urine line because of secretions or threads at the opening of the urethra, which is normal. This is not a urinary fistula, and no matter how many bifurcations occur, there is no problem as long as they are discharged from the urethral opening. The best way to observe if there is a urinary fistula is for one person to hold the child and hold the urine while one person squats on the lower side to observe the source and direction of the urine. Urinary fistulas are the most common complication after suburethral cleft surgery. When there is a relatively large urethral fistula, all of the urine drains through the leak and almost no urine drains from the normal newly constructed urethral opening. Some small fistulas will drip out of the leak during urination. Don’t panic if a fistula occurs, as some fistulas can heal on their own. This is especially true for fistulas in the heel of the penis, where there is plenty of tissue, and in the coronal sulcus, where the fistula is not likely to heal on its own because the tissue is very weak. The following treatment options are available for small urinary fistulas, especially in the heel of the penis: 1. sitz bath: potassium permanganate or salt water for soaking. The concentration of potassium permanganate is 1:5000, the color is light pink, use warm water, each sitz bath for 10 minutes, 2-3 times a day. The penis can be bathed or soaked in a small cup. Soaking can promote blood circulation, soften the scars and promote wound healing. 2, topical cod liver oil: because cod liver oil contains vitamin A, vitamin A has the role of promoting epithelial healing. 3, protect the fistula: every time you urinate, it is recommended that parents use their fingers to hold the fistula, or clip the fistula to keep urine from flowing out of the fistula as much as possible, which is also somewhat beneficial for the fistula to heal. 4, to avoid distal urethral stricture: if the fistula distal urethra urinary pressure is too large, it will also put greater pressure on the fistula, you can ask your doctor to prophylactically expand the distal urethra, after the distal urethra expansion urinary pressure is reduced, which is conducive to the healing of small fistula. If the fistula does not heal after 1-2 months, there is basically no possibility of self-healing, and after six months, a repair surgery (urethral fistula repair) will be performed. Generally speaking, the success rate of urethral fistula repair is higher than that of urethroplasty, for the simple reason that it is easier to repair a spot than a long section of urethra. However, there are some special cases where urethral fistula repair is often unsuccessful, such as when there is a stricture at the distal end of the fistula, severe scarring at the fistula, a long segment of the urethra that is split (called a urethral fistula by some surgeons), and so on. In addition, it is relatively difficult to repair urethral fistulas at the coronary sulcus, and special attention should be paid to infections when repairing urethral fistulas (often there are more bacteria present in the distal urethra of the fistula, especially in larger fistulas where the distal urethra is not sufficiently flushed with urine).