Refractory mental disorders are patients who meet the Chinese Classification and Diagnostic Criteria for Mental Disorders, 3rd edition, and the American Psychiatric Association’s diagnostic criteria, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual: Mental Disorders, 4th edition, with a long duration of illness and other commonly used treatments (psychological, pharmacological, electroconvulsive therapy, etc.) failing to achieve the desired outcome. Surgical treatment can be considered for these patients, including stereotactic inner brain nucleus disruption, deep brain nucleus electrical stimulation (DBS), transcranial magnetic stimulation, etc. Indications for surgery include: 1. Schizophrenia: more than 3 years of disease duration. After three different chemical structures of antipsychotic drugs in sufficient quantity and duration still cannot completely eliminate certain psychotic symptoms, so much so that some positive or negative symptoms remain. Those with severe impulsive aggressive behavior, endangering personal and surrounding safety, and ineffective drug treatment can be appropriately relaxed. 2, affective psychiatric disorders: chronic depression, recurrent mania, bipolar disorder with a duration of more than 3 years, and ineffective treatment with at least two antidepressant drugs with different mechanisms of action. 3.Neurosis: obsessive-compulsive disorder, anxiety disorder, phobia, etc. with symptoms lasting for more than 3 years, which have not improved or reduced by various treatments, and which seriously affect life and workers. 4.Epileptic mental disorder: mental symptoms persist for more than 3 years, the simultaneous application of antiepileptic drugs and antipsychotic drugs failed to control the disease, or although the seizures are controlled and the mental symptoms are not reduced or eliminated, seriously affecting life and workers. 5. Mental disorders due to mental retardation: Only for those whose symptoms have lasted for more than 3 years and have serious impulsive aggressive behaviors, causing serious impact on their lives and the lives of others, and whose medication is ineffective. Contraindications to psychosurgery: Surgery is not recommended for symptomatic psychosis, organic psychosis, severe physical illness, severe mental decline, severe cerebral atrophy, and for patients under 16 years of age and over 70 years of age.