The prevalence of thyroid nodules is high, but most nodules do not require herbal medicine or puncture or radiofrequency ablation or surgery, and can be closely monitored if thyroid function is normal. Only when thyroid nodules are suspected to be malignant, combined with hyperthyroidism, located behind the sternum or with large nodules compressing the trachea will surgery be required. Abnormal thyroid function requires treatment of hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism.