Children are the best stage of growth, we all hope that their children have a pair of upright and healthy body, the physical beauty of the child’s psychological development has a significant impact, but epidemiological surveys show that the prevalence of scoliosis in China’s adolescents is 1%-3%, so it is estimated that there are about 10 million – 30 million cases of scoliosis in China. It is estimated that there are 10-30 million cases of scoliosis in China. Scoliosis is a lateral curvature of the spine in the coronal plane of more than 10 °, the spinal deformity of children during the growth period will gradually aggravate, and can involve the thorax, pelvis, and in serious cases affect the cardiopulmonary function, and its residual deformity can last a lifetime, so children with scoliosis need to pay attention to and timely treatment. There are many causes of scoliosis, including congenital, idiopathic, neuromuscular and functional scoliosis, etc. The most common type of scoliosis is called “adolescent idiopathic scoliosis”, which usually develops in prepubertal development and progresses rapidly during puberty, with equal incidence in boys and girls, but girls’ The curvature of scoliosis tends to increase in girls. Scoliosis often has both physical and psychological effects on the patient. For the spine itself, scoliosis can cause an imbalance of forces on the spine itself and on both sides of the spine, affecting children’s height development and symptoms of low back pain, and in some cases can produce bone spurs on the concave side, compressing the spinal cord or nerves and causing paraplegia or spinal stenosis. For the tissues surrounding the spine, patients with an arc greater than 100° can cause restrictive lung disease, while scoliosis can affect thoracic development, compress the heart and lungs, and then cause cardiopulmonary dysfunction or failure; razorback, hunchback, pelvic tilt, thoracic asymmetry, unequal shoulders and unequal length of both lower limbs are also common cosmetic deformities of scoliosis. The psychological impact is mainly due to scoliosis deformity so that many children have low self-esteem, shyness, fear, autistic pathological personality, seriously affecting the healthy development of children’s psychology. How can I detect scoliosis in my child? Most children with scoliosis are found by parents when the child takes a bath or wears fewer clothes, or by chance during chest radiographs for other diseases. If your child is long and thin and has the following signs: one side of the waist or back is higher when bending forward upright; the collar and shoulders are not level; one side of the back is abnormally elevated; the girl’s breasts are asymmetrically developed; one side of the waist has folds; one hip is higher than the other; both lower limbs are unequal in length. If these abnormalities occur, you should immediately go to a hospital specialty for examination (pediatric orthopedics, pediatric rehabilitation, orthopedics) to find out if you have scoliosis. Examination and diagnosis of scoliosis The examination and diagnosis of scoliosis by a specialist requires intervention from many aspects to reach a valid conclusion. Some medical histories are helpful in making the diagnosis, such as congenital scoliosis often associated with congenital heart disease, urinary malformations, neurological lesions neurofibromatosis patients with scoliosis as a genetic disorder, and skin abnormalities such as café au lait spots and hair. In addition to routine cosmetic examination, neurological examination is essential, such as abdominal wall reflexes and pathological reflexes examination, and needs to be observed for sensory and motor deficits, and sensory separation usually suggests the possibility of spinal cord cavity. Standing full-length radiographs of the spine are the most visual and effective diagnostic method available and provide many important information: 1. preliminary understanding of the type of scoliosis, whether idiopathic, congenital, or other; 2. measurement of the size of the scoliosis arc, currently measured by the Cobb’s angle; 3. assessment of balance and flexibility of the scoliosis; 4. CT or MRI examinations are useful for further understanding of the vertebral structure and intracanal conditions. Treatment of scoliosis Many parents find their children have scoliosis will be very nervous, or even overwhelmed, and often go around to doctors, heard what works, take the child to treatment, the results have little effect. So, what exactly is the treatment for scoliosis? The treatment of scoliosis can be divided into two main categories, namely rehabilitation and surgery. Rehabilitation for early and mild scoliosis patients is an internationally respected and effective treatment method that includes: rehabilitation assessment, brace therapy, pneumatic weight loss training, gymnastics, traction therapy and the use of correct biomechanics in the spinal correction chair for lumbar back muscle strength training and pain relief. Rehabilitation is a comprehensive treatment approach whose effectiveness depends on the correctness of the physician’s guidance and the patient’s adherence. There have been many reports showing that rehabilitation is effective in controlling the development of scoliosis and improving posture, further reducing the possibility of surgical treatment. There are many approaches to surgical treatment of scoliosis, and treatment options vary by scoliosis type and age. Idiopathic scoliosis with a Cobb’s angle of 10° or less usually does not require bracing, but only rehabilitation and follow-up every 3 or 6 months depending on age, and those with an increased angle of more than 20° may be considered for treatment with bracing. The brace is different from the brace in that it is applied in the direction of scoliosis to correct the scoliosis, and the configuration of the brace is different depending on the type of scoliosis. If the Cobb’s angle is greater than 40° or if scoliosis is found to be rapidly increasing, then surgery needs to be considered. Rehabilitation of respiratory function and muscle strength is also required before and after surgery to achieve the best results for the child. Congenital scoliosis and some specific types of scoliosis should be operated early if the primary or secondary curvature is aggravated, and the best time for surgery should not be delayed by concerns about the effect of surgery on height. In conclusion, scoliosis is a common and complex disease. If a child is found to be suffering from this disease, he or she should actively visit the rehabilitation department and orthopedic department of the hospital and take the initiative to cooperate with the doctor to adhere to the treatment so that the disease can be effectively controlled and the deformity and disability can be prevented.