The purpose of prostate cancer screening is to detect prostate cancer patients earlier in the population. In other words, its purpose is to diagnose prostate cancer at an early stage. Screening methods for prostate cancer include serum PSA and rectal screening, with abnormal results on either of these tests requiring further testing of the patient. Only 25% of all prostate cancer patients are first detected by rectal examination, while the remaining 75% are detected by abnormal serum PSA values. Studies have shown that screening for prostate cancer based on PSA values still has a 15% underdiagnosis rate. The latest screening tools are still being investigated, such as EPCA, EPCA-2 and PCA3. Prostate cancer screening is generally recommended annually, but for those with low PSA screening can be done every other year. If annual screening is adhered to, any changes in serum PSA and rectal examination should be further examined and prostate puncture biopsy should be performed if necessary. We hope that by performing formal prostate cancer screening the morbidity and mortality associated with prostate cancer will be further reduced. The 2014 edition of the Chinese Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Urological Diseases recommends routine rectal examination and PSA examination for men over 50 years of age with lower urinary tract symptoms, and PSA examination should be performed if the rectal examination is abnormal or if clinical signs of metastasis (e.g. bone pain, fracture, abnormal imaging, etc.) are present. For men with a family history of prostate cancer, regular checkups and follow-ups should be performed starting from the age of 45.