The prostate is a walnut-sized organ located below the male bladder and encircling the urethra. It secretes prostatic fluid, which is the main component of semen. Prostate cancer is a disease of the prostate in which malignant tumor cells invade normal prostate tissue and spread to other organs. Prostate cancer is a slow-progressing cancer that can spread to other organs, with bone metastases being more common. Patients who are diagnosed early have a very high survival rate. What are the symptoms of prostate cancer? Weak or interrupted urine flow, frequent urination (nocturia), difficulty urinating, painful urination or burning sensation in the urethra, bloody urine or semen, persistent back, hip or pelvic pain, painful ejaculation Symptoms of prostate cancer usually appear in the late stages of the cancer, but these symptoms are not unique to prostate cancer. How is prostate cancer diagnosed? The following clinical tests and laboratory tests can diagnose prostate cancer: rectal exam, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy Treatment of prostate cancer The choice of treatment for prostate cancer depends on the characteristics of the tumor, including: 1. the patient’s life expectancy 2. medical conditions and risk factors 3. the presence of specific disease 4. the PSA level 5. Gleason score (from prostate biopsy pathology) 6. presence of metastases 7. rectal examinations