Hydrocephalus is caused by an increase in cerebrospinal fluid production or impaired circulation and absorption, resulting in an excess of cerebrospinal fluid and an expansion of the space occupied by cerebrospinal fluid, which in turn causes an increase in intracranial pressure and an enlargement of the ventricles. Once hydrocephalus is detected in a newborn, it should be treated promptly, otherwise it may gradually aggravate and compress the brain tissue, affecting the child’s brain complement development. In general, mild hydrocephalus should be treated with non-surgical treatment, mostly dehydration therapy and systemic support therapy; surgical treatment is suitable for cases with high intracerebral pressure or failure of non-surgical treatment. Neonates have poor surgical tolerance and shunt surgery is very traumatic. Transcatheter fontanelle puncture can be used to release cerebrospinal fluid, thus reducing intracerebroventricular pressure and creating a good external environment for neonatal brain development, which has achieved better treatment results. In a word: neonatal hydrocephalus is not a terminal disease.