Male infertility is a threat to human reproduction. Complete male health depends on physical, reproductive and mental health, and reproductive health is an important cornerstone of individual human health. Currently, the current situation of male reproductive health is not optimistic, facing a steep decline in the quantity and quality of male sperm and an increasing number of male infertility, which may become the greatest threat to human reproduction. In 1991, at the “International Symposium on Environmental Impact on Reproductive Health” jointly held by WHO and other organizations, scientists warned that the quantity and quality of human sperm were declining! Professor Skak of the University of Copenhagen reported that human sperm density had decreased by 41.5% and ejaculate volume by 19.1% in 52 years. Over the past 50 years, the biggest debate about male reproductive health has been the global decline in male semen quality. Currently, male infertility has become a focal point of male reproductive health and an important reproductive health concern in our country that needs urgent attention. In recent years, the incidence of infertility in Europe and the United States is also as high as 15%, in the 1970s, the male to female sex ratio of infertility is 3:7, the ratio has risen to 1:1 in the 1990s. in recent years, China’s male infertility patients are growing year by year, in a survey, the country is currently suffering from infertility of up to 40 million men. A man is the backbone of his wife and children, the pillar of society, who can bear the pressure from work and life, but cannot bear the unspeakable pain of infertility. Sperm is the fastest growing cell in the body and is most susceptible to changes in all aspects of the internal and external environment. Who is the “culprit” for the male “sperm shortage crisis”? Up to now, the real causes of male reproductive health are not very clear, although it is known that endocrine diseases, genetic diseases, immunity, infection, trauma, neurological diseases, cryptorchidism, varicocele, chronic diseases of the liver and kidney, drug and radiation therapy, environmental pollution, environmental hormones, malnutrition and overnutrition, psychological factors, etc. can affect male fertility, but so far there are still 46 However, to date, 46% of the causes of infertility cannot be identified. Various factors that permeate clothing, food, housing, transportation and work have been shown to have a negative impact on male reproductive health. Among them, the following 11 factors have been proven in studies to have the greatest impact on sperm quality: 1. Food packaging and cosmetics Phthalates are a class of chemicals that can play a softening role. It is commonly used in toys, food packaging, vinyl flooring, wallpaper, cleaners, lubricants, nail polish, hair sprays, soaps and shampoos, and hundreds of other products. Studies have shown that phthalates can interfere with endocrine secretion, causing reduced sperm count, low motility, abnormal morphology and, in severe cases, testicular cancer. Among cosmetics, nail polish has the highest phthalate content. It can enter the body through women’s respiratory system and skin, endangering the reproductive system of the male children they will give birth to. Phthalates can also enter the body through food and water packaged in plastic containers, such as the inner coating of food cans, recyclable milk and mineral water bottles. Studies have shown that the higher the fat content of canned foods, the more susceptible they are to contamination, such as pork, anchovies, and sardines. Fetuses, infants and adolescent children are most sensitive to it, and reproductive health is most vulnerable. 2, car exhaust With the rapid progress of China’s automobile industry, a large number of cars into the family. Traffic congestion in large and medium-sized cities and traffic jams during rush hours have resulted in the emission of a large amount of car exhaust. Automobile exhaust contains a lot of harmful substances, such as sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide. The human body inhales these substances for a long time, accumulative damage will occur, which not only affects reproductive health, but also may increase the incidence of tumors and other diseases. The most serious is that car exhaust contains dioxins is a very strong environmental endocrine disruptors, which can make men’s testicular morphology changes, the number of sperm reduction, sperm production capacity is reduced. 3, smoking and alcohol Men’s social world can not be separated from the smoking and drinking alcohol. Smoking has been a major enemy of health, especially from adolescents to start smoking. Domestic and foreign research shows that the nicotine and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cigarettes through the blood circulation can enter the reproductive system and harm sperm, resulting in a reduction in the density of sperm in male semen, will also increase the content of deformed sperm. A small amount of alcohol will not harm the human body. Drinking large amounts of alcohol over a long period of time can affect a person’s health. Alcohol has a direct effect on the human liver and male testicles. Studies have found that patients with chronic alcoholism experience testicular atrophy, leading to a decrease in semen quality. In addition, alcohol can cause chromosomal abnormalities, which may further lead to fetal malformations or stunted growth. 4, estrogen high concentration of estrogen pollution will have a variety of adverse effects on men, the Thames River in London because people oral contraceptives contained in the estrogen through the domestic water into the river, resulting in high levels of estrogen in the river water, pollution of the downstream water, resulting in the downstream areas of male disease incidence is too high. Recently, researchers in Finland found that alkyl phenoxy, commonly used in shampoos and other detergent products, can have estrogen-like effects, causing male infertility and a decrease in sperm count. Research by British medical scientists has also found that carbonates have an estrogen-like chemical structure. Estrogens can have significant effects on the male reproductive system, including affecting androgen levels, triggering structural changes in testicular tissue, reducing sperm count in semen, causing gynecomastia, and leading to endocrine disruption. Short-term use of estrogen-containing drugs or foods by men does not have a significant impact on the reproductive system, while prolonged use can cause greater harm to reproductive health. In cosmetics developed specifically for women, some contain a certain amount of estrogen, male skin care long-term use will damage male reproductive health, resulting in hypogonadism. 5, trace elements Zinc is an important element in the reproductive system, lack of zinc will affect the development of male reproductive organs and secondary sex characteristics during puberty, reduce the mobility of sperm, weaken the body’s immune function, making men vulnerable to prostatitis, epididymitis and other infectious diseases. And selenium deficiency will increase the concentration of peroxide in the body, causing damage to the male reproductive system and testicles. Therefore, men should usually eat more food containing high levels of zinc and selenium, such as milk, corn, black rice, black beans, etc. 6, temperature Research has confirmed: testicles are most afraid of high temperatures, often living and working in a high temperature environment can inhibit the production of sperm. If men soak in hot water for half an hour at 45?C, sperm vitality drops significantly, and sperm vitality can be restored only after a week. About 3?C below normal human body temperature is the best temperature for testicular sperm production and sperm maturation. Young men wear tight, breathable and poor heat dissipation underwear, jeans or long-term use of electric blankets, often soak in hot baths, and even often work in high-temperature environments (such as steel plant furnace workers, cooks standing on the stove, boilers, welders, summer open-air work, etc.) for a long time, resulting in sperm production dysfunction. 7, drugs drugs in sedatives, sleeping pills, anti-cancer drugs, chemical drugs in Maryland, hormones, antibiotics and other drugs can damage male gonadal function, hinder the growth of sperm causing a decline in sperm quantity and quality, or by affecting the endocrine function of the gonads, resulting in sexual dysfunction, etc. Therefore, men should try to avoid long-term, large amounts of exposure to such harmful substances. The effect of drugs on male fertility is affected by the type of drug, the dose, the course of treatment, the age of the patient and other factors. Generally, the higher the dose of drugs used, the longer the course of treatment, and the younger the patient, the more serious the damage to fertility, and the longer the time needed to restore fertility. At present, the society is flooded with sexual health products, some containing sex hormones or similar ingredients, which may affect the normal spermatogenic function of the testicles, unmarried infertile men should be careful when choosing. 8, noise With the development of modernization, the impact of urban noise on health is more prominent. Noise is a kind of environmental pollution. In recent years, some experts pointed out that there are chemicals in the environment that can affect the endocrine function of the human body like hormones, noise is one of them. Prolonged noise pollution makes people depressed, poor spirit, etc., it will make the human endocrine disorder, G pill production of sperm function will also be affected. 9, radiation Radiation on human health has been determined to have adverse effects. Large doses of radiation can cause changes in testicular tissue structure, increase the rate of sperm deformities, reduce the number of sperm, and may also cause chromosomal abnormalities in sperm. Hospital X-rays, interventional examinations and treatments, CT and radiotherapy all have strong ionizing radiation. Daily use of electronic devices and household appliances, such as cell phones, computers, televisions, induction cookers, microwave ovens, etc. all emit a certain intensity of electromagnetic radiation, the impact on male sperm function. In short, male germ cells and sperm are sensitive to ionizing and electromagnetic radiation, which can easily cause damage to the sperm function of the testicles, and men who have not had children from early childhood to adulthood should usually stay away and minimize contact with radiation sources. 10, drugs The number of people who take drugs in our country is not small, some drugs, such as marijuana, cocaine, etc. have an impact on semen quality. Marijuana can lower the level of androgens in the blood, sperm density, leading to male breast development; cocaine will make the sperm density drop. Teenagers and men must resist temptation and stay away from drugs in order to benefit their health. 11, other chemical substances Domestic and foreign research has confirmed that formaldehyde, xylene, organophosphorus pesticides, herbicides, cotton phenol and other chemicals, will destroy the testicular protective barrier against sperm cells, so that the number of sperm decreased, reduced motility, sperm deformities. Indoor non-environmental decoration caused by formaldehyde, xylene serious excess; farmers inappropriate use of organophosphorus pesticides, herbicides, resulting in excessive pesticide residues in crops; in the 1970s, farmers in cotton-producing areas often eat crude cotton seed oil (containing cotton phenol), resulting in a significant decline in male sperm quality, which can cause irreversible sperm dysfunction in serious cases. Sperm quality is a major issue related to human survival and reproduction. For these factors, on the one hand, we must take a high degree of vigilance, timely attention and avoidance to protect sperm; on the other hand, we must also call on society as a whole to protect and improve our living environment while developing the economy. Male reproductive health is as important as female reproductive health, and is one of the important links to maintain human health. The integrity and health of the individual, regardless of gender, is related to the health of the new generation or not. The regulation of human fertility, eugenics, and safeguarding the quality of the population are the most critical aspects, and our country has made it a national policy to educate and implement. From the point of view of economic development and protection of productivity, male reproductive health also has its own important social significance. Only when the whole society attaches importance to and cares about male reproductive health will it be possible to achieve the physical and mental health of the entire population and improve the overall health and physical quality of the nation.