The surgical treatment of kidney stones includes open surgery and minimally invasive lithotripsy. Open surgery emerged in the 1980s and is the early surgical treatment for kidney stones, commonly including renal pelvic dissection and stone extraction, renal parenchymal dissection and stone extraction, ureteral dissection and stone extraction, etc. Minimally invasive lithotripsy and stone extraction treatment commonly includes rigid ureteroscopic lithotripsy and stone extraction, soft ureteroscopic lithotripsy and stone extraction, percutaneous nephrolithotripsy and stone extraction, which are the mainstream surgical treatment in recent years. Minimally invasive kidney stone surgery methods mainly include: 1, ureteroscopic surgery: including soft and hard mirror, renal pelvis or kidney stones often use soft mirror, the stones will be broken, and then remove the stones out of the body; through the human urethra into the bladder, and then into the ureter and kidneys to operate. 2. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy for stone extraction is performed under X-ray or ultrasound localization, through the skin and subcutaneous tissue to the kidney cortex, establishing a puncture channel and puncturing with a fine needle. After the channel is established, the stone is removed or lithotripsy is performed under the nephroscope. The stones in the renal pelvis are crushed and removed by ultrasound, laser or pneumatic ballistics. 3.Laparoscopic surgery: If the number of stones in the renal calyces is large, patients with renal insufficiency or recurrent infections can have the stones removed laparoscopically. With the development of clinical surgical techniques and instruments, in recent years, minimally invasive techniques are mainly used for lithotripsy and stone extraction.