Systemic metabolic abnormalities, urinary tract obstruction, infection, foreign bodies and living environment, climate, water and diet can all contribute to the formation of kidney stones. Paying attention to these problems can reduce the formation and recurrence of stones. 1. Systemic metabolic abnormalities (1) Hypercalcemia: hyperparathyroidism leads to higher blood calcium and higher urinary calcium, which can easily form stones. (2) Hypercalciuria: prolonged bed rest, excessive glucocorticoids, hyperthyroidism and vitamin D toxicity can all lead to increased urinary calcium and stone formation. (3) Hyperoxaluria: Increased absorption of oxalate in the intestine can cause hyperoxaluria and the formation of calcium oxalate stones. (4) Hyperoxaluria: Gout patients with disorders of purine metabolism are prone to deposition of uric acid to form uric acid stones. (5) Low citrateuria: citrate can slow down the formation of kidney stones, so low citrateuria is easy to form stones. Local causes of urinary tract obstruction, infection and the presence of foreign bodies in the urinary tract are the main local factors that induce the formation of stones, obstruction can lead to infection and stone formation, while stones themselves are also foreign bodies in the urinary tract, the latter will aggravate the degree of obstruction and infection. 3.Living environment, climate, water source and dietary habits Hot areas, sweating, and easy concentration of urine; food and drinking water containing too many crystal components are all risk factors for stone formation. In addition, taking certain medications, such as aminoglutethimide, magnesium silicate, sulfonamides, VitD, VitC and corticosteroids, may be a trigger for urinary stones. There are many factors affecting stone formation, and the systemic metabolic condition, local etiology of the urinary tract and environmental factors, and dietary habits have a great influence on stone formation, and care should be taken to avoid the causative factors.