1.What is male infertility? Male infertility refers to the infertility of the female partner due to male causes after the couple has lived together for more than one year without contraception. It is generally divided into primary male infertility and secondary infertility. Primary infertility means that the male has never impregnated any woman; secondary male infertility means that the male has ever impregnated a woman and later developed a problem of infertility. 2, male infertility patient wife also need to check? The wife of a male infertility patient needs to be examined. This is because of two reasons, one is that about 20-30% of infertile couples are the result of common factors between the two parties; secondly, the choice of treatment often requires a comprehensive judgment combined with the wife’s situation. 3.What tests are usually done for male infertility? Generally, male genital examination and routine semen tests (including sperm kinematics and sperm morphology) are required. Some patients also need to do genital ultrasonography, anti-sperm antibody testing, endocrine hormone testing, chromosome examination, etc. 4.What are the most common factors that cause male infertility? Many factors may lead to male infertility. The most common factors are the following: (1) exposure to toxic and harmful substances: such as paints, dyes, drugs, oil and electromagnetic radiation, etc.; (2) high ambient temperature: an environment of more than 37°C has a significant impact on the spermatogenic function of the testes; (3) lifestyle: such as smoking, alcoholism, sauna, tight pants and excessive sexual activity, etc.; (4) some diseases, such as epididymitis, orchitis, vesiculitis, prostatitis, urethritis, etc, (4) some diseases, such as epididymitis, orchitis, seminal vesiculitis, prostatitis, urethritis, impotence, non-ejaculation, retrograde ejaculation, cryptorchidism, testicular dysplasia, vas deferens, varicocele and some endocrine diseases, genetic diseases, immunological diseases, etc.; (5) some drugs, such as narcotics, sedatives and hormonal drugs, etc. 5.What are the problems that need to be noted in the semen routine? First, it is necessary to pay attention to the abstinence time. It is generally required that the time from the last semen emission (including sex, masturbation and seminal emission) to the laboratory test should be more than 48 hours, but not more than 7 days. Second, is to pay attention to not fatigue when laboratory tests. If you work at night or take a long drive the day before the test, it will often have some effect on the sperm motility and vitality. Third, we should be careful not to have the test during illness. Many illnesses, such as the flu and diarrhea, are likely to have an effect on the test results. The first thing you need to do is to pay attention to the way you take your sperm. The best way to take sperm by masturbation, do not use condoms to take sperm or interrupted sexual intercourse method to take sperm. Common condoms often contain spermicide, which seriously affects sperm motility and vitality testing. Interrupted intercourse sometimes ejaculates the first part of the semen into the vagina. The most front part of the semen often has a high sperm density, and losing this part of the semen will affect the sperm density. Five, is to pay attention to the semen volume. If the amount of semen prepared for laboratory tests is significantly less than the usual amount of ejaculate from sex or masturbation, it is often due to nervousness or not being used to the hospital environment, resulting in inadequate ejaculation. Such semen cannot accurately reflect the actual semen quality of the patient. 6.What is the normal value of sperm malformation rate? According to the World Health Organization’s 2010 standard, using modified Pap staining and strict standard scoring, a sperm malformation rate of no more than 95% is considered normal. The previous standard was a sperm deformity rate of no more than 85%. 7.What are the common cases of abnormal semen tests? Common abnormalities in semen routine include oligospermia, weak spermatozoa, teratozoa, seminal fluid opacity, azoospermia, etc. 8.Will varicocele affect fertility? Varicose spermatozoa is a more recognized important cause of male infertility. Patients with varicose spermatozoa often suffer from a decrease in semen quality due to the higher temperature in the scrotum and the increase in local toxic substances in the testicles, which can affect fertility. 9.Do varicose spermatozoa have to be operated? Varicocele does not necessarily require surgery. It is generally considered that surgery is needed in two cases. One is if the varicocele affects the quality of semen and thus affects fertility; the other is if the patient’s scrotum is locally painful, which affects the patient’s life. 10.What is deformed sperm and does it affect fertility? Teratogenic sperm refers to the head, body or tail of sperm that have become abnormal in shape. According to the latest standards of the World Health Organization, using modified Pap staining and strict criteria for determination, fertility is only significantly affected when the sperm malformation rate exceeds 95%.