Abstract: Objective To comprehensively evaluate the clinical effects of neuroendoscopic fistula and ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) in the treatment of obstructive hydrocephalus and to explore the value of neuroendoscopic techniques in the treatment of hydrocephalus. Methods The neurosurgery department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University prospectively studied 62 cases of obstructive hydrocephalus admitted to the department from June 2006 to May 2010, 22 cases in the neuroendoscopic group and 40 cases in the VPS group. The basic preoperative conditions of the two groups were compared, including the operation time, hospitalization cost, and length of stay, and the recent and long-term outcomes and complications, and statistical analysis was performed. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of preoperative age, gender, and clinical symptoms of hydrocephalus (P>0.05). hydrocephalus has better clinical application value.