Vascular endothelial growth factor plays an important positive regulatory role in the angiogenesis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma; therefore, inhibition of its expression can prevent hepatocellular carcinoma angiogenesis and achieve the desired therapeutic goal. Hepatic artery chemoembolization is currently the most widely used non-surgical treatment with the best efficacy in the minimally invasive treatment of primary liver cancer. What is the relationship between VEGF expression and the efficacy of TACE in primary hepatocellular carcinoma? Primary liver cancer and TACE Primary liver cancer is a common cancer in the world, and one of the most common malignant tumors in China. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Health in 1995, the annual mortality rate of primary liver cancer in China is about 20.4/100,000 people, which is the second highest among cancers [2]. More than 90% of primary liver cancers in China are hepatocellular liver cancers. Post-hepatitis cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B virus infection is the main cause of primary liver cancer in China. Interventional therapy has become the main means of non-surgical treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. Transcatheter hepatic artery embolization chemotherapy is an important minimally invasive treatment method in the comprehensive treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. 2.VEGF expression and primary liver cancer Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) also has low and stable expression in normal tissues. VEGF is expressed in primary liver cancer tissues, hepatocytes and vascular endothelial cells, and the expression in cancer tissues is about 7 times higher than that in paracancerous tissues. Therefore, VEGF is the most important angiogenic factor in primary hepatocellular carcinoma tumor tissues, not only related to tumor angiogenesis and proliferation, but also directly involved in its infiltration and metastasis. VEGF is the most potent angiogenic factor known in vivo and is closely related to tumor growth, infiltration, metastasis and recurrence.VEGF family is a group of factors that specifically act on vascular endothelial cells and strongly induce angiogenesis, and is the most important regulator of angiogenesis in primary hepatocellular carcinoma. VEGF and its receptor, VEGFR, are highly expressed in primary hepatocellular carcinoma tissues, which are multivessel tumors. Among the mechanisms involved in the regulation of VEGF, hypoxia is one of the most important factors. The infiltration and metastasis of cancer cells make it difficult for the surrounding tissues to meet their oxygen demand, and the oxygen tension increases, which leads to the up-regulation of VEGF mRNA expression and the synthesis and secretion of large amounts of VEGF, prompting the formation of neovascularization.TACE is the infusion of chemotherapeutic drugs and embolization of trophoblastic vessels, leaving tumor cells in a state of lack of nutrition and hypoxia. Due to the extremely short half-life of VEGF in the circulation.