HBV infection plays an important role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma patients in China, and most of them have a cirrhotic base, so their antiviral treatment should be decided by combining the ALT, HBV DNA, cirrhosis compensation, and renal function of the patients. For patients with hepatocellular carcinoma combined with HBV infection, surgical resection or radiofrequency ablation may lead to active HBV replication and aggravate hepatic function damage, so the choice of viral therapy may depend on the compensation of hepatic function, and IFNa can not only be antiviral but also can achieve anti-tumor effect, which can delay the recurrence of the tumor and prolong the median survival of the patients. If patients can tolerate IFNa treatment, IFN a antiviral therapy should be preferred. If patients have contraindications to the application of IFN a, nucleoside (acid) analogs such as LAM, ADV, ETV and LdT can be selected according to the patient’s HBV DNA load, cirrhosis compensation and renal function. For patients with stable liver function who receive hepatic arterial perfusion chemotherapy, in order to prevent the activation of HBV DNA caused by chemotherapy and thus damage to liver function, nucleoside (acid) analogues should be given as prophylactic treatment before the start of chemotherapy (refer to the section of Chemotherapy and Immunosuppressive Therapy Patients below). Patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, embolization of a major branch of the portal vein, and no contraindications to IFN a may benefit from arterial infusion chemotherapy in combination with IFN a to prolong survival.