The varicose veins of the spermatic cord are called varicocele due to stagnation of blood caused by obstruction of venous reflux or valve failure and blood reflux, resulting in tortuous dilatation of the trapezius plexus. There are two types of varicocele, primary and secondary. Varicosities due to anatomical factors are called primary varicocele. When a renal tumor involves the renal vein and inferior vena cava, obstruction of the renal vein or inferior vena cava due to cancerous emboli or other causes can also lead to varicocele due to poor blood return to the spermatic vein, which is called secondary varicocele. Severe varicocele can cause atrophy of the testes and shadow the normal growth of spermatozoa. Sperm growth disorder mainly occurs in the primary spermatocyte and spermatocyte stages, which is obvious on the affected side. Diagnostic criteria 1.The main symptoms are distension of the affected scrotum, localized swelling and painful sensation, mostly aggravated after exertion and prolonged standing, and the symptoms can be reduced or disappeared after lying down and resting. 2.According to the degree of varicose veins, there are three degrees: mild, medium and severe. In mild degree, the varicose veins cannot be touched locally, but the varicose veins can be touched when the patient does Valsalva movement. In moderate degree, the varicose veins in the scrotum can be palpated in the normal standing position, but the varicose vessels are not visible on the surface. In severe cases, vermiform or mass-like veins can be seen in the scrotum. In severe cases, vascular ultrasound may be performed. The above three types are called clinical varicocele. Subclinical varicocele is a very mild varicocele that cannot be detected on physical examination and the Valsalva test is also negative, but can be detected by ultrasound, nuclear scan or color Doppler examination. In primary varicocele, the varicose vein can disappear after lying down, so it can be distinguished from secondary varicocele. Treatment 1, no obvious symptoms and normal fertility, generally do not need surgery. 2, with infertility or semen abnormalities, regardless of the severity of the symptoms are indications for surgery. Recently, it is believed that subclinical varicocele (undetectable on physical examination and negative on Valsalva test, but very mild varicocele can be detected on ultrasound or nuclear scan) can also affect testicular function, so all types of varicocele should be actively treated. There are many factors affecting the recovery of fertility after surgery, and the possibility of recovery of fertility after surgery for azoospermia is very small. 3.Surgical methods: Open surgery: high level ligation of the internal spermatic vein, either through the inguinal route or the iliac fossa route. Laparoscopic spermatic vein ligation. Microsurgical technique.