How to treat recurrent glioma – reoperation can significantly benefit patients. The incidence of primary tumors of the central nervous system is 7 per 100,000, with tumors of glial cell origin being the most common. Among gliomas, the most malignant glioblastoma is the most common, accounting for about half of all gliomas. Despite surgical resection, postoperative radiation therapy and temozolomide chemotherapy, patients usually experience recurrence 32 to 36 weeks after these treatments. The most common form of recurrence is within 2 to 3 cm of the original tumor, and there has been no definitive conclusion as to how these recurrent tumors should be treated. Recent studies have shown that reoperation does not increase the risk of ancestral complications and significantly prolongs overall survival, especially in patients ≤60 years of age with good preoperative functional status (KPS>70), with a median survival of 33.6 months for patients with GBM who achieved total resection in both surgeries (surgery, radiotherapy + temozolomide concurrent chemotherapy + temozolomide adjuvant). (the mean survival for chemotherapy is 14.6 months). Therefore, if the patient’s condition permits, reoperation should be considered as a priority, and reoperation with yellow fluorescence guidance can effectively identify tumor borders, identify tumor recurrence with radiation necrosis and glial scarring, obtain maximum tumor total resection, and significantly improve patient prognosis.