Cervical cancer screening should begin at age 21, regardless of sexual activity or high-risk factors. For women aged 21-29 years, screening with cervical cytology should be performed every 3 years. For women aged 30-65 years, combined cervical cytology and human papillomavirus (HPV) should be performed simultaneously every 5 years; as an alternative screening regimen, cytology can be performed every 3 years. Women with clear high-risk factors (including HPV infection, immunosuppressed status, intrauterine exposure to ethylene estradiol, previous cervical intraepithelial neoplasia [CIN] 2, CIN 3, or history of cervical cancer) should be screened more frequently. Screening should be discontinued at age 65 years if there are sufficiently negative prior results (3 consecutive cytology or 2 consecutive combined results in the last 10 years, one within the last 5 years) and there is no history of CIN 2 or higher grade cervical lesions. Cervical cytology can be collected by liquid-based cytology or conventional Pap smear. Screening should not be performed only for HPV. If the combined test reveals atypical squamous cells of undefined significance (ASCUS) and is HPV-negative, patients should continue routine screening based on their age. If the combined test reveals negative cytology and positive HPV, patients may repeat the combined test or undergo HPV-specific testing at 12 months. Screening recommendations are the same whether or not a woman has received HPV vaccine.