The diagnosis of hepatitis B virus-associated nephritis requires a combination of clinical and pathological findings. The disease should be highly suspected when there is moderate to large amounts of urine protein and positive serum hepatitis B virus indicators. It is important to emphasize that positive hepatitis B virus antigen on renal tissue is essential for the diagnosis of the disease, regardless of whether serum hepatitis B virus indicators are positive or not. However, on the other hand, even if there are hepatitis B virus antigen deposits on the kidney tissue, it is currently believed that only pathological manifestations of membranous nephropathy or membranoproliferative nephritis and not other pathological types can be diagnosed as hepatitis B virus-associated nephritis, which shows that both the type of kidney pathology and hepatitis B virus antigen deposits are very important for the diagnosis of the disease and need to be seen in combination. In China, hepatitis B virus-associated nephritis is the second most common secondary glomerular disease after lupus nephritis, accounting for about 15% of secondary glomerular diseases and about 5% of all glomerular diseases. The incidence of this disease has declined substantially in recent years due to the widespread use of booster vaccination of newborns against hepatitis B virus in developing countries. The treatment of this disease depends on both the replication of hepatitis B virus and the severity of the kidney disease. Generally speaking, there are two types of treatment: 1. Clinical indicators of hepatitis B virus replication and hepatitis activity require antiviral therapy, and the agents commonly used and for which there is more evidence of effectiveness are a-interferon (mostly for pediatric patients and patients in non-endemic areas) and lamivudine. Many patients with the effect of antiviral therapy proteinuria can also be reduced or even turned negative. 2, no clinical indicators of hepatitis B virus replication and hepatitis activity, for hepatitis B virus-related membranous nephropathy its treatment principles are more similar to primary membranous nephropathy. It mainly depends on the urine protein quantification: if the urine protein quantification is medium or small, such as this patient, mainly take ACE inhibitor or receptor antagonist to reduce proteinuria and delay the progress of renal function, about 30-60% of patients can spontaneously remit during the course of the disease, even mild nephrotic syndrome should also first choose ACE inhibition therapy; if the patient’s clinical manifestation is severe nephrotic syndrome such as proteinuria quantification continues to exceed If patients have severe clinical manifestations of nephrotic syndrome, such as proteinuria quantification exceeding 6g/d, they can be treated with glucocorticoids combined with cytotoxic drugs, but liver function and viral replication indicators should be closely tested. However, the use of immunosuppressive drugs is still controversial. The prognosis of hepatitis B virus-associated nephritis is related to the success of treatment of the primary disease and the type and severity of the pathology at the onset of the renal disease. Most hepatitis B-associated membranous nephropathy has a good prognosis, while hepatitis B virus-associated membranoproliferative nephritis has a poor prognosis.