Kidney and ureteral stones, also known as upper urinary tract stones, occur mostly in middle-aged and young adults, with a male to female ratio of 3 to 9:1, with similar onset on the left and right side, and 10% of bilateral stones. The main symptoms of kidney and ureteral stones are colic and hematuria, and the common complications are obstruction and infection. The diagnosis can be confirmed in most cases by history, physical examination, necessary X-ray and laboratory tests. The aim of treatment of renal and ureteral stones is not only to relieve pain and protect kidney function, but also to find and remove the cause of the disease as much as possible and to prevent recurrence of stones. Clinical manifestations Hematuria is another major symptom of kidney and ureteral stones. Massive hematuria is uncommon. The hematuria may be aggravated by physical exertion. Patients may occasionally seek medical attention for painless hematuria. In recent years, the number of patients with asymptomatic kidney stones detected by urine routine and ultrasound has increased significantly during routine physical examination. The common complications of kidney and ureteral stones are obstruction and infection, and many cases are seen for urinary tract infection. Obstruction can cause hydronephrosis and a mass in the upper abdomen or lower back. Sometimes there is pressure pain along the ureteral journey. Isolated kidney or bilateral urinary tract stones cause anuria due to obstruction, which is known as stone obstructive anuria.