The common symptoms of nephritis in women are: 1. increased foam in the urine, when the foamy urine is fine small foam that lasts for a long time and does not dissipate, up to two hours or more. 2. hematuria, either visual or microscopic. 3. hypertension, the patient may have dizziness and headache. 4. edema, which can be manifested as lower limb edema, eyelid edema, or in severe cases, generalized edema. Besides, there may be oliguria or anuria. In addition to the ordinary manifestations of nephritis, female patients are also prone to secondary nephritis due to various autoimmune system diseases, such as lupus nephritis. In this case, in addition to the common manifestations of nephritis, patients may also have joint pain, morning stiffness, photosensitivity, butterfly erythema and other manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. However, the onset of nephritis is usually insidious and many patients may not have any symptoms, so the diagnosis of nephritis cannot be confirmed based on symptoms alone. The diagnosis of nephritis depends on relevant laboratory tests, such as urine routine, urine protein quantification, kidney function, relevant antibodies, pathological examination, etc.