It is well accepted that open thyroid surgery is effective and safe for the treatment of thyroid disorders, but open surgery can be permanently traumatizing with unsightly incision scarring on the skin of the neck. Since the introduction of minimally invasive neck surgery in 1980, more and more surgeons have taken note of this procedure because it not only reduces the number of incisions in the neck but also reduces the level of trauma. In recent years, the use of laparoscopy in abdominal surgery has increasingly replaced traditional open surgery, and in the field of neck surgery, New York surgeon Gagner was the first to utilize endoscopy to accomplish surgical resection of the parathyroid glands in 1996 with excellent clinical and cosmetic results. Endoscopic thyroid surgery of the neck has not resulted in a very significant reduction in the level of trauma relative to laparoscopic surgery and thoracoscopic surgery, due to the fact that open neck surgery is not inherently traumatic relative to open surgery of the abdomen or thorax, but with the development of endoscopic neck surgery and technological advances, awareness of the advantages of endoscopic thyroidectomy has increased. Endoscopic neck surgery reduces surgical trauma and yields excellent cosmetic results, epidemiologic studies of thyroid disease show a much higher incidence in women than in men, reducing the size of the skin incision and replacing it to a more discreet location becomes important for female patients, especially young female patients, and endoscopic surgical techniques have a far-reaching future for neck surgery.