The lower part of the uterus is cylindrical or rhombic in shape, i.e. the cervix. The inner cavity of the cervix is the cervical canal, with the upper end being the inner cervical opening, which communicates with the uterine cavity, and the lower end being the outer cervical opening, which communicates with the vagina. The part above the vaginal attachment is called the upper part of the vagina, and the part below the attachment extends into the vagina and is called the vaginal part of the cervix. The cervix is mainly composed of dense connective tissue. The mucosal epithelium of the cervical canal is highly columnar and there are many glands in the mucosal layer that secrete alkaline mucus. The epithelium of the vaginal part of the uterine cervix is a compound squamous epithelium. The squamous epithelium intersects with the columnar epithelium of the cervical canal at the external cervical os, which is the site of cervical cancer. What is cervical cancer related to? 1. Age of prevalence: The age of onset of cervical cancer has characteristics. The age distribution shows a bimodal pattern: 35 to 39 years old and 60 to 64 years old. The average age is 52.2 years old. 2. Premature sexual life: The cause of cervical cancer is still unknown. At present, it is believed that its incidence is related to early marriage, early childbirth, multiple births, dense births, premature sex, sexual life disorders, economic status, race, and geographical environment. Premature sexual life refers to sexual life before the age of 18; early marriage refers to marriage before the age of 20. At this time, the female reproductive tract is not yet mature and is sensitive to the stimulation of carcinogenic factors. Once infected with certain bacteria or viruses, and stimulated by sexual relations with more than one man, cervical cancer occurs. It is observed that the incidence of cervical cancer is significantly lower in unmarried and unmarried women. 3.Sexual contact with high-risk men: Women who have sexual contact with high-risk men are prone to cervical cancer. High-risk men refer to those who suffer from penile cancer, prostate cancer or whose ex-wife or sexual partner has suffered from cervical cancer. 4. Virus infection during sexual intercourse: It is related to certain virus infection during sexual intercourse. For example, human papilloma virus, herpes simplex virus type II and human cytomegalovirus are related to the development of cervical cancer. Especially human papillomavirus, current research shows that more than 90% of cervical cancer patients carry such virus, so we can say that it is the culprit of cervical cancer. Alert of cervical cancer 1. Vaginal bleeding: Young women often show contact bleeding, which occurs after sex or gynecological examination. The amount of bleeding may be large or small, and it is related to the site of lesion invasion, size and invasion of blood vessels. Early-stage patients often bleed little, while late-stage patients often bleed a lot, with fatal hemorrhage occurring once large interstitial vessels are invaded. Young patients also often show prolonged periods, shortened cycles, and increased menstrual flow. 2. Vaginal discharge: Patients have increased vaginal discharge, which is white or bloody, thin, water-like, and has a fishy odor. Patients in the advanced stage will have foul-smelling leucorrhea. 3.Late pressure symptoms: In late stage, patients will have pressure symptoms such as urinary urgency, frequent urination, anal swelling, constipation, urgency and swelling of lower limbs. Late stage cervical cancer often leads to ureteral obstruction, resulting in uremia and death. Incidence rate in China and abroad In the past 40 years, as cervical smear screening has been commonly carried out in foreign countries, the incidence rate of cervical cancer has dropped significantly and the mortality rate has also been decreasing. However, the incidence rate in China has been on the rise in recent years. In Beijing Hospital, for example, the proportion of cervical cancer among inpatients with malignant tumors increased sharply from 6% in 1993 to 38% in 2003. 23 cases of cervical cancer were admitted in 2003, among which women aged 35-39 are the main patients, posing a great threat to women’s life and health. There is a lack of precise statistics on the incidence of cervical cancer in China, and the incidence rate abroad is 3-4 per 100,000. There are different results on the incidence rate statistics among ethnic groups. However, it is generally believed that the incidence rate of black people is the highest, followed by South America, then yellow Asian people, and the incidence rate of white people is lower. Active prevention starts around 1. Bi-annual gynecological examination: Women over 30 years old should have regular gynecological examination, preferably twice a year, and gynecological examination can detect the situation and treat it in time. Cervical cancer is a chronic disease, the process from precancerous lesion to cervical cancer lasts almost 10 years or so, therefore, if you adhere to reasonable medical checkups and health care, there is totally enough time for prevention and treatment. 2.Treat cervicitis and vaginitis in time: When suffering from inflammation of reproductive organs, especially when combined with infection of high-risk subtypes of human papillomavirus, it should be treated actively. Avoid sexual promiscuity and reduce sexual partners: It is better to use condoms during sexual intercourse, not only to prevent pregnancy, but also to avoid virus transmission and reduce the chance of cervical cancer. However, the gene fragment of human papilloma virus is very small and can penetrate the tiny gap of condom silicone, therefore, condom can not completely avoid the infection of human papilloma virus. The best way to prevent cervical cancer is to be clean and maintain a healthy sex life. Seek medical consultation promptly when abnormalities are detected. If irregular vaginal bleeding or abnormal vaginal fluid discharge occurs, you should seek medical consultation in time.