Pneumoconiosis, also known as pneumoconiosis, is the long-term inhalation of dust at work, which is difficult for lung tissue to decompose and remove, so that the dust is retained in the lungs and repeated inflammatory reactions occur, eventually leading to diffuse fibrosis of lung tissue and lung failure. The most common cause of pneumoconiosis is long-term inhalation of productive dust during occupational activities, mostly in patients with a history of occupational exposure, and is one of the most common occupational diseases, commonly found in people who work in mines, rock drilling, metalworking, and cement production. Moreover, the higher the content of free silica in the dust and the longer the exposure to dust, the greater the amount of deposition in the lungs, the more serious the disease and the worse the prognosis. As the disease progresses, various respiratory symptoms and other systemic complications arise, but there is a lack of specificity. The main clinical symptoms are cough, sputum, chest pain, shortness of breath and, rarely, hemoptysis, which can also be accompanied by fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite and general malaise. Treatment of pneumoconiosis begins with getting out of the dust-polluted environment, actively relieving respiratory symptoms, and treating and preventing various complications, but so far there are no specific medications for pneumoconiosis, and the prognosis is often poor. Pneumoconiosis is a serious and irreversible disease that gradually worsens with time and ultimately endangers the health of the patient. People at risk with a history of dust exposure should take protective measures at work, have regular checkups and stay away from this serious disease.