1.What is “polycystic kidney disease”? As the name implies, “polycystic kidney disease” refers to the growth of multiple cyst-like masses in the kidney. There are many kinds of diseases in which multiple cysts in the kidney will appear in the process of development, and their causes and development process are different. Therefore, “polycystic kidney disease” is a general category of diseases that includes many different diseases. Among them, the one with the highest incidence and greater health risk is familial polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD, “autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease”, as doctors often call it). ADPKD is a common single-gene genetic disease in humans. Although ADPKD is caused by a mutated gene and there is no way to fundamentally correct the mutated gene of ADPKD in today’s medical community, ADPKD should be treated aggressively. Early treatment can reduce complications and change the prognosis. 2.Where do the kidney cysts grow out from? Most cysts in the kidney grow from the renal tubules. most renal cysts in ADPKD patients occur in the distal segment of the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the renal units, i.e. the collecting duct cells (principal cell in CCD) in the cortical area. The ungrown cysts are in communication with the tubules of the original renal unit. The normal tubular cells proliferate very inactive, and the mutated epithelial cells after losing control proliferate actively. growth. The original kidney unit where the kidney cyst appears may shrink and disappear as a result, and the enlarged cyst may also affect the normal function of the kidney unit around it. 3.What is the structure of a cyst? The inner wall of the grown cyst (diameter more than 1-3mm) is paved by the de-differentiated renal tubular epithelial cells, and the outer layer of the cyst wall is a cord-like fibrous tissue with more infiltrated macrophages, interstitial cells and fibrous stroma, and some of the cyst wall layers are rich in small vascular network; inside the cyst is a large amount of urine-like fluid secreted by these epithelial cells. 4.What will be the effect of growing multiple cysts on the kidney? A.Decrease in kidney function; B.High blood pressure; C.Infection; D.Stone; E.Electrolyte disorder; F.Cyst rupture and bleeding. From the summary of statistics around the world, chronic renal insufficiency at the end stage caused by ADPKD accounts for the top three to top five of all dialysis patients. The increase in the number of renal cysts and the increase in the size of the cysts have gradually squeezed the kidney units, reducing the number of effective kidney units and reducing the normal structure of the kidney and replacing it with cysts and fibrous tissue outside the cysts. The compression of blood vessels in the kidney results in insufficient blood supply to the kidney tissue, causing hypertension and destruction and atrophy of normal kidney structures. Cyst enlargement and compression can alter the smoothness of urinary flow, which can lead to urinary tract infections. Renal tubular dysfunction and consequent salt loss (including loss of excess rafters, sodium, or potassium from the kidneys) can predispose to the formation of kidney stones. Kidney stones may also promote urinary tract infections. Bleeding within the cyst, rupture of the cyst and discharge of cystic night or stale blood into the urinary stream may predispose to urinary tract infections.