Varicocele is the elongation, dilatation and tortuosity of the trapezius plexus of the spermatic cord caused by obstruction of the reflux of the spermatic cord veins or failure of the venous valves and blood regurgitation. It is most common in young and middle-aged men, especially in men who often have increased abdominal pressure, such as difficulty breathing, constipation, prolonged standing, and heavy physical labor. Varicocele is a more common condition in adolescent males, with an incidence of about 15%. The common symptom is the discovery of an abnormally dilated and curved mass of blood vessels in the scrotum, which may cause the ipsilateral scrotum to be enlarged compared to the contralateral side. Most patients have no discomfort and are found by parental observation or during physical examination, while a small number of patients present with scrotal pain and discomfort and seek medical attention. A significant number of patients are found during military physical examination or premarital examination. The congenital absence of venous valves in the spermatic veins or incomplete closure of the valves causing venous blood regurgitation is the main cause of varicose veins. Secondary varicocele is seen in the formation of cancerous thrombus in renal vein and inferior vena cava during renal tumor or compression by retroperitoneal tumor, as well as hydronephrosis and ectopic vessels. The majority of varicose spermatic veins are seen on the left side. There are the following reasons: 1, the left spermatic vein is longer than the right; 2, it converges into the left kidney vein at a right angle, which causes increased resistance to blood return and high venous pressure; 3, the lower part of the left internal spermatic vein is located behind the sigmoid colon and is easily compressed; 4, there is a valve at the entrance of the left spermatic vein into the left kidney vein to prevent reflux, if the vein valve is poorly developed and the vein wall or surrounding connective tissue is weak, it can lead to varicose veins. The danger of varicocele is due to poor blood flow to the affected testis, venous blood retention, scrotal temperature is 0.6-0.8℃ higher than the normal side, testicular hypoxia, CO2 accumulation, resulting in increased local blood testicular metabolites such as catecholamines, 5-hydroxytryptamine, prostaglandin PGE and PGF content, causing delamination of the spermatogenic epithelium of the spermatogenic tubules, disorder of spermatocytes and sperm cells arrangement, spermatozoa Indications for varicocele surgery Severe symptoms, obvious varicocele, pain not relieved by conservative treatment. Abnormal semen due to varicocele, such as reduced sperm count, reduced viability and abnormal morphology. The testicle is significantly atrophied compared to the opposite side. If there is no obvious abnormality on the female side for long-term infertility. Surgical treatment to prevent testicular atrophy or spermatogenic disorders has also been advocated.