More than 90% of the pathogens of colds and flu are viruses, and antibiotics are ineffective against viruses and cannot effectively prevent complications of the common cold. The use of antibiotics in children is ineffective and dangerous, not only can’t kill the virus that causes colds, but also make some latent germs have resistance, which brings difficulties for future disease treatment. Q: Should I use antibiotics if I have some cough after a cold? A: If your spirit and appetite are normal, you may not need cough medicine, let alone antibiotics, and the cough will disappear on its own after 2-3 weeks. If frequent coughing affects your sleep, you need to take strong cough suppressants. Antibiotics are mostly ineffective in treating post-cold cough and should not be abused, but treatment with macrolide antibiotics (e.g. erythromycin) for chronic cough caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae is significantly effective. Infants and children with autumn and winter diarrhea occurring in this season from October to December every year, the age of onset is most common from 6 months to 3 years, the pathogen is rotavirus, viral diarrhea does not require the use of antibiotics. The pathogen is rotavirus, and viral diarrhea does not require antibiotics. It is important to drink sweetened saline when diarrhea is present, rather than using antibiotics immediately. Q: How can I tell whether antibiotics should be used for my sick child’s diarrhea in the fall and winter? A: When you encounter a sick child with diarrhea, you should carefully observe the stool properties, carefully analyze the causes of the diarrhea, and use appropriate medication, rather than taking antibiotics across the board. Autumn and winter diarrhea is egg-like stool, 70% of acute watery stool diarrhea caused by rotavirus, can be cured without antibiotics, as long as good liquid therapy, the choice of micro-ecological regulators (such as Rejuveno or Pepcid, etc.) and mucosal protective agents (such as Simethicone, etc.). Unexplained fever has many causes, including infectious, neoplastic and connective tissue diseases, etc. Infectious pathogens in turn contain bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites, and only bacterial infections require antibiotics. Q: How can I tell if my child has a fever and whether antibiotics should be used? A: A child with a high fever should have a blood test to determine if antibiotics should be used. Children with fever usually have symptoms such as runny nose and cough, and most of them are viral infections, while about 15% are bacterial infections. A quick and easy blood test can be of great practical value in identifying viral or bacterial infections, especially for bacteremia, providing early diagnostic indicators and reliable instructions for the selection of anti-infective drugs for the sick child. Preventive medication Some people who consume unclean food are not comfortable with the use of antibiotics to prevent infection is not necessary. The purpose of prophylactic application of antibiotics is to prevent 1-2 specific bacteria from invading the wound or blood circulation and developing infection, some surgical prophylaxis, and usually antibiotics should not be applied prophylactically. Q: What are the common antibiotic drugs for babies? A: Penicillin antibiotics such as amoxicillin and penicillin for minor ear infections and bacterial sinus infections with fewer side effects; beta lactamase inhibitor antibiotics such as amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and amytin for more serious ear infections, sinus infections and certain pneumonia; cephalosporin antibiotics such as cefaclor, cefixime for serious ear infections, bacterial sinus infections, bronchitis, pneumonia etc.; macrolide antibiotics such as madicamycin for cough with sound, mycoplasma pneumonia.