There are many causes of hydrocephalus, and trauma is a common one. Many patients with traumatic brain injury or cerebral hemorrhage undergo debridement and decompression during the emergency procedure, resulting in partial skull loss after surgery. This kind of brain injury may also be complicated by hydrocephalus after surgery, and this time the patient needs to face two situations at the same time, one is the problem of skull repair and the other is hydrocephalus shunt. Can hydrocephalus shunt surgery and skull repair be done at the same time? For patients with cranial defects combined with hydrocephalus, whether cranial repair and shunt surgery can be done at the same time needs to vary from case to case. If there is no intracranial infection, no other conditions, and the cerebrospinal fluid is up to standard and clear, cranial repair and shunt surgery can be done at the same time; if the patient also has intracranial infection or impurities in the cerebrospinal fluid, which is not up to standard, treatment of intracranial infection should be controlled first, cerebrospinal fluid should be purified, and then shunt surgery should be performed, and then cranial repair should be done after the condition is stabilized; there is another condition, which is hydrocephalus may be related to or caused by a cranial defect, and after cranial repair, hydrocephalus can resolve on its own without the need for shunting, and this situation also exists. These require a neurosurgeon to determine the treatment plan scientifically after a comprehensive evaluation based on the specific condition. It is worth mentioning that traditional hydrocephalus shunts are prone to complications such as inadequate shunts, excessive shunts, shunt obstruction and infection after surgery. It is recommended to visit the neurosurgery department of a large type of hospital in the north to adopt effective and standardized treatment techniques for a good prognosis.