Semen routine: In order to identify male fertility, the male partner is often instructed to do semen examination, a. General examination: 1. semen volume, each time the volume of semen discharge is 2-6 ml, often affected by the number and frequency of semen discharge. 2, color and transparency; normal semen color is off-white or milky white. If the abstinence time is long, it can be light yellow, if it appears bright red. If the patient has inflammation or damage to the reproductive tract, the dark red color suggests that the patient has inflammation or damage to the reproductive tract. 3, viscosity and liquefaction; fresh semen is thick and jelly-like, and should be liquefied to a thin liquid within one hour, with a small glass rod inserted into the semen and then lifted, the length of the semen filaments formed generally does not exceed 2 cm, otherwise it is considered abnormal. 4, pH; semen is weakly alkaline, PH value of 7.2 ~ 7.8. Second, microscopic examination: 1, sperm survival rate; 30 ~ 60 minutes after the discharge of sperm, the normal sperm survival rate should be 80% to 90%, sperm survival rate is reduced is an important cause of infertility. 2, sperm motility: The World Health Organization recommends that sperm motility be divided into four levels: level 0: inactive; level 1: sperm swinging in place; level 2: with moderate forward motion; level 3: with active forward motion and fast linear motion. Normal sperm motility is >= 40% to 50% for sperm of grade 2 to 3. Sperm morphology: malformed sperm less than 50%. The analysis of male fertility cannot be determined from one indicator of semen alone, but should be a comprehensive ability analysis of various aspects such as sperm count, motility, activity rate, liquefaction time and malformation rate. The semen must stop having sex within 5-7 days before collection, and must not have masturbation, dream emission, etc. It should also prohibit smoking and alcohol, and refrain from taking drugs that have an effect on sperm production function. 3, sperm count: the normal sperm count should exceed 20 million/ml. Within 1 hour after sperm discharge, the active sperm should be >= 50%. 4, sperm morphology: normal sperm head is flat oval, the tail is long and curved, similar to a tadpole; but some heads are pointed, large, double-headed, the body tail is thick and short, bifurcated, double-tailed and other abnormalities. In normal semen, abnormal morphology sperm should be less than 10%-15%. If the number of abnormal morphology sperm in semen is >20%, it will lead to infertility, which may be due to abnormal sperm morphology caused by varicocele, toxic metabolites in blood, lead contamination, etc. or application of high dose radiation and use of cytotoxic drugs. If >1% of pathologically immature cells, including spermatogonia, spermatocytes and incompletely developed spermatocytes, are found in the semen, it suggests that the spermatogenic function of the varicocele of the testis is affected or damaged by drugs or other factors. If sperm agglutination >10%, it suggests reproductive tract infection or abnormal immune function. 5, inflammatory cells: normal semen should have less than one “+” sign in the white blood cells. An increase in white blood cells indicates the presence of infection in the reproductive tract or paraphilic glands. The causes of semen abnormalities 1, male urinary system infection or endocrine disorders caused by sperm semen abnormalities. 2, Sperm semen abnormalities caused by varicose veins. 15% of the male population will suffer from varicose veins. 3, congenital or genetic diseases caused by sperm semen abnormalities. 4, environmental factors bad habits caused by, such as radiation high temperature environment, smoking and alcohol abuse and other bad habits, may cause male sperm semen abnormalities.