Bacterial encephalitis is not an infectious disease and is not contagious and is not transmitted through air or droplet transmission. Bacterial meningitis refers to inflammation of the cerebrospinal meninges caused by bacteria and is an infectious disease of the central nervous system, which manifests clinically as fever, neck stiffness, headache, nausea, vomiting, and impaired consciousness. However, bacterial encephalitis can damage the central nervous system and, when severe, can lead to life-threatening brain herniation. Common complications for patients include increased intracranial pressure, brain herniation, and respiratory and circulatory failure. The treatment should be combined with cerebrospinal fluid examination and pathogen culture to clarify the diagnosis and select appropriate antibiotic anti-infective treatment for the pathogenic bacteria as the main treatment and symptomatic treatment to improve the symptoms, but some patients may have sequelae left behind.