This article was compiled by Dr. Wujian Ke based on the latest CDC guidelines for the treatment of condyloma acuminata released on June 5, 2015, and is published with permission (). Wujian Ke, Department of Venereal Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Dermatology Hospital There are three types of HPV (human papillomavirus, the pathogen that causes cervical cancer or condyloma acuminata) vaccines that have been approved in the United States: a bivalent vaccine (trade name: Cervarix) that protects against HPV types 16 and 18 infections; a quadrivalent vaccine (trade name: Gardasil) that protects against HPV types 6, 11, The other is the quadrivalent vaccine (trade name: Gardasil), which protects against HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58; and a nine-valent vaccine, which protects against HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58. Both the bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines can prevent HPV types 16 and 18, which account for 66% of cervical cancers; the other five HPV infection types prevented by the nine-valent vaccine account for 15% of cervical cancers. The quadrivalent and nine-valent vaccines also prevent HPV types 6 and 11 infections, which account for 90% of genital warts. All HPV vaccinations require three doses of the vaccine to be completed over a six-month period, with the second dose administered one to two months after the first dose and the third dose administered six months after the first dose. The same brand of vaccine product should be used for all three injections. For girls, routine vaccination with any of the HPV vaccines is recommended at age 11 to 12 years, and the age of vaccination can be as early as 9 years. For girls or adult females aged 13 to 26 years who have not received the HPV vaccine or have not completed the vaccination process, the vaccine is recommended for boys aged 11 to 12 years who are routinely vaccinated with quadrivalent or nine-valent HPV vaccines, and can be given as early as 9 years of age. Boys and adult males aged 13 to 21 years who have not received the HPV vaccine or have not completed the vaccination process should receive the HPV vaccine. Vaccination by age 26 is recommended for immunocompromised individuals [including those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection) and men who have sex with men (MSM) who have not previously received HPV vaccine. In the United States, HPV vaccination is not allowed or recommended for adult men or women older than 26 years of age. HPV vaccination is also not recommended for pregnant women. HPV vaccination is available to those eligible for vaccination even if they have had anal and genital warts, abnormal Pap smear/HPV test, or precancerous anal and genital lesions. Women who have received the HPV vaccine should continue to have routine cervical cancer screening after age 21. Pre- and post-approval safety assessments have shown that HPV vaccines are well tolerated. Studies related to prevention effectiveness monitoring in the United States have shown that the HPV vaccine reduces the incidence of acromegaly warts and the type of HPV in the quadrivalent HPV vaccine. Providers of STD (sexually transmitted disease) services should either vaccinate eligible individuals who have not received HPV vaccine or have not completed the vaccination process or refer them to other facilities where HPV vaccine is available (HPV vaccine is still not available in mainland China; patients who need it can get it in Hong Kong). HPV vaccination is not associated with sexual debut, risky sexual behavior, or infection with sexually transmitted diseases. Abstaining from sex is the most reliable way to prevent genital HPV infection. People can reduce their risk of HPV infection by using condoms correctly and limiting the number of sexual partners over time. Although these interventions may not completely prevent HPV infection, they can reduce the risk of infection and transmission of HPV. This article is published with permission from Dr. Wujian Ke (). If you have any questions regarding this article, please contact me by visiting my personal page ( )