What are the specific treatments for diabetic foot?

  1. General treatment (1) Health education and good nursing care.  (2) Support symptomatic treatment: including limiting activities, reducing weight bearing, elevating the affected limb to facilitate blood flow back to the lower limb.  (3) Strict control of blood glucose, active correction of hypoproteinemia, edema and other unfavorable factors that affect gangrene healing.  (4) Local debridement, placement of drainage, disinfection, selection of suitable dressings according to the size of the ulcer, the amount of exudation, and whether it is co-infected, and maintenance of local humidity and temperature of the wound.  2.Treatment of neuropathic foot ulcer: change the pressure of the patient’s foot by special orthopedic shoes or orthoses. Full contact brace.  3.Nutritional nerve treatment: B vitamins, nerve growth factor, etc.  4.Treatment of ischemic lesions vascular lesions are not serious without surgical indications: conservative medical treatment (vasodilatation, inhibition of platelet aggregation, reduction of fibrinogen and lipids and other drugs).  5.Hyperbaric oxygen therapy 6.Anti-infection treatment: for patients with combined infection, bacterial culture should be taken from the secretion before local treatment, and effective antibiotics should be selected according to the results of drug sensitivity test.  7.Surgical treatment: including debridement, suturing, skin grafting and toe (limb) amputation, etc.  8.Intracavitary treatment The advantages of intracavitary treatment are obvious: diabetic foot vasculopathy is characterized by atherosclerosis of the lower limb vessels, often involving several arteries of both lower limbs, among which the tibiofibular artery of the lower leg is the most common (including the anterior tibial, posterior tibial and peroneal arteries). Because of the small diameter of the lower leg vessels and the large number of branches, once the narrowing or occlusion occurs, conventional surgical bypass treatment is often ineffective, and the chance of postoperative restenosis and re-occlusion is high, so the long-term results are not very satisfactory.  Interventional treatment is a minimally invasive procedure, and interventional techniques for hemodynamic reconstruction are less invasive, have faster recovery, and have better results.  The application of small balloons designed for tibiofibular artery lesions in the treatment of diabetic vascular lesions can achieve more satisfactory results. The small balloon for the calf vascular lesion is small and long, thick at one end and thin at the other, which is very consistent with the anatomical characteristics of the calf vessels. For patients whose arteries in the lower leg are not completely occluded and who meet the indications for treatment, this small balloon is used to dilate, unblock and shape the arteries as far as the dorsalis pedis artery, so that the ischemic limb can be improved. The effect of this treatment is immediate. After the procedure, the skin temperature increases, the blood supply improves significantly, the pulsation of the dorsalis pedis artery is enhanced, and the symptoms of numbness and pain in the affected limb can be significantly relieved, and it is characterized by no incision, less pain, relative safety, and fewer complications.