Thyroid nodules are a frequent and common disease of the endocrine system. The prevalence of thyroid nodules obtained by palpation is 3% to 7%. The prevalence of thyroid nodules obtained by high-resolution ultrasound is 20% to 76%. The prevalence of thyroid cancer among thyroid nodules is 5%-15%. The incidence of thyroid cancer in China has shown an increasing trend in recent years, and the rate of surgery for non-essential thyroid nodules has increased significantly. There is a lack of consensus and standardization in the surgical procedure, radioactive iodine therapy, TSH suppression therapy and monitoring of thyroid cancer recurrence.