Myth #1 Making a big deal out of it and being in a hurry. Fertility is a natural phenomenon, and for most people it is not difficult to have children even if their semen is not completely normal. When you are ready to have a baby, you just need to stop using contraception, so you don’t have to calculate the ovulation date and concentrate on the “sperm” attack. Ovulation in women is controlled by the neuroendocrine system and is highly susceptible to psychological factors. Stress and anxiety may interfere with ovulation and affect conception. The ovulated egg can survive for more than 20 hours and the sperm can survive for more than 10 hours, so a frequency of 2-3 times a week is appropriate. The quality of sperm is also better when it is discharged on a regular basis. The second misconception is that semen is not liquefied. Often hospitals and doctors treat semen non-liquefaction as a cause of infertility and do futile treatment. Both processes are controlled by proteases, and the activity of the enzymes is temperature dependent. The difference in temperature between the body (around 37 degrees) and the laboratory (around 20 degrees) determines the function of the enzymes and the quality of semen liquefaction. In fact, infertility due to semen non-liquefaction is minimal. In addition, most hospitals misdiagnose high semen viscosity as semen non-liquefaction. Misconception 3 Prostatitis and infertility. Prostatitis is a common disease in young and strong men, mainly affecting the patient’s quality of life, not affecting vital organ function and longevity. Most prostatitis has little, if any, effect on sperm quality and fertility, and the effects are phasic (weeks – months) and reversible. For those with elevated semen and prostate fluid leukocyte counts with abnormal semen parameters (mainly reduced sperm motility), antibacterial and anti-inflammatory treatment is available. For infertility with normal semen and prostate fluid leukocyte counts, other causes should be considered. Myth 4 Medication for infertility. With the exception of individual cases (gonadotropin deficiency) of infertility, drug therapy for most infertility is not effective. In the case of Western drugs, vitamin C, vitamin E, levocarnitine, zinc preparations, bradykinin, etc., are not yet supported by definitive evidence of efficacy and should be used only as empirical treatment. The effect of testosterone (oral or injectable) on fertility has more harm than good. Exogenous testosterone does not increase testosterone levels in the testicular spermatogenic tubules (essential for maintaining spermatogenesis), but has the potential to inhibit gonadotropin secretion by the pituitary gland and interfere with spermatogenesis. Currently, testosterone is only used as a male contraceptive test drug. Myth #5 In vitro fertilization. Single sperm injection + IVF can enable couples with no hope of having children (15 years ago) to have their own children. However, this technique has many shortcomings, high cost, many manual sessions, high genetic risk, high rate of multiple births, etc. It should be chosen carefully, taking into account your own situation, such as the fertility potential of both partners (quality and quantity of sperm and ovulation), your age (especially the female partner) and your financial situation. Currently, spermatic tract reconstruction surgery for the treatment of obstructive azoospermia is becoming more and more sophisticated and can enable many patients with this condition to achieve natural fertility.