The degree of back pain caused by urinary stones is mainly related to the size of the stone and its location and the presence of obstructing infection. Contrary to our usual understanding, kidney stone pain is not proportional to the size of kidney stones. In other words, large stones do not necessarily induce pain, and small stones may not be painless. If a stone rubs against the mucous membrane of the peristaltic ureter and irritates the ureteral spasm, the patient will feel back pain: when the stone is located at the junction of the peristaltic ureter or in the whole ureter, even if the stone is small, it is enough to cause severe pain in the back. The pain is incomparable to other lumbar pains and may be accompanied by radiating pain in the small abdomen on the same side, frequent urination, and vomiting in pain. We call it “renal colic”. On the contrary, larger stones with low mobility do not cause pain as easily, but they often cause obstruction, even if it is only a partial obstruction, which can cause progressive damage to kidney function. After the obstruction occurs, the hydronephrosis continues to increase, the kidney function is gradually impaired or even disappears, and finally it becomes a cystic bag containing a large amount of urine. In our hospital, for relatively small stones, the vast majority of them are treated by a combination of Chinese and Western medicine to promote ureteral peristalsis and push the stones down until they are discharged. In the process of stone removal treatment, stones moving down and rubbing the ureter often cause colic, which is a sign of effective stone removal treatment. If the pain is severe and unbearable, fluids can be given to relieve the pain. Stones located in the ureter can stimulate mucosal congestion and edema, and longer stay in one place can cause inflammatory polyp formation, fibrous tissue hyperplasia, granulation encapsulation, so that the stone movement and discharge is obstructed, which will also increase the difficulty of ESWL and ureteroscopic stone extraction and fragmentation, so in today’s highly developed minimally invasive technology, it is not advisable to wait and see for a long time, if the stone is not discharged within 3-4 weeks, interventional treatment should be performed, especially for the transverse diameter > 5 mm. 5 mm in diameter. Our hospital adopts the latest ureteroscopic minimally invasive technology and laser lithotripsy, which can treat ureteral stones in one step, and can basically remove larger stones in one go, greatly avoiding the residual lithotripsy and stone street formation caused by extracorporeal microwave lithotripsy. The operation is less invasive, with quick recovery and short hospital stay.