Complications and management after renal puncture

  Strictly grasp the indications and operation steps, generally is a relatively safe surgery, no serious complications.  The complications reported in the literature are: hematuria: most of them have microscopic hematuria after surgery, which does not require special treatment, while the incidence of carnal hematuria is 3-24%, prolonging bed rest, blood transfusion, fluid replacement, posterior pituitary hormone, angiography and embolization if blood pressure drops, and surgery if necessary.  Perirenal hematoma: most of them are small hematoma, no clinical symptoms, can be absorbed by themselves, larger hematoma 1.3-7.8%, can be manifested as nausea, vomiting, back pain, most of them are self-healed by conservative treatment, if necessary, surgery.  Infection: incidence 0.2%.  Arteriovenous fistula: 10-19%, usually asymptomatic, no special treatment needed.  Other: accidental penetration of other organs, even causing death (incidence 0.1%).