Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic kidney disease characterized by numerous cysts in the cortex and medulla of the kidneys. PKD can be divided into autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) according to the mode of inheritance, with an incidence of 1/400 to 1/1000 and 1/10,000 to 1/40,000, respectively. ADPKD is a disease mainly characterized by the appearance of numerous fluidic cysts in both kidneys. The cysts gradually squeeze the kidney tissues and finally form uremia which is life-threatening; as the most common hereditary kidney disease in humans, there are 1.5 to 3 million patients in China. at the age of 60, 50% of patients enter end-stage renal failure [1]. Patients with ARPKD often develop cysts in infancy and die quickly, and only a few survive into adulthood. The pathogenesis of PKD is unknown, and the lack of sensitive methods to monitor disease progression and effective treatment is a serious threat to human health. To date, there is no effective treatment for PKD. Clinical treatment mainly consists of symptomatic management, medication, cyst decompression and advanced dialysis treatment, but none of them can effectively slow down the disease progression. Nearly 20,000 patients with polycystic kidney disease in the United States enter end-stage renal failure each year, and their medical costs are as high as $600 million. Finding effective measures to slow down the progression of the disease has become a research priority. Traditional Chinese medicine treatment is non-invasive and less painful, and can control the development of cysts or reduce the size of cysts to slow down the progression of the disease. Polycystic kidney disease belongs to the category of “accumulation” in Chinese medicine, and the main cause is the stagnation of qi, water and dampness inside, gathering fluid into phlegm, deficiency of kidney and stasis of ligaments, and the interconnection of evil and qi, resulting in the development of this disease. In the “Danxi Xinfa”, it is said that “phlegm is accompanied by blood stasis, thus forming a cyst”, which precisely summarizes the characteristics of the pathogenesis of this disease. According to the treatment principle of “Dispersing the knotted ones” as proposed in Suwen Zu Zhen Yao Da Lun, the treatment of Qi, blood, phlegm, stagnant blood and stagnant blood should be to move Qi, invigorate blood, resolve phlegm, open the ligaments and disperse the knotted ones. Modern animal experiments have also proved that Chinese herbal medicines such as turtle worms and sanguinaria can significantly inhibit the proliferation of epithelial cells in the lining of cysts. Based on years of clinical experience, combined with ancient medical knowledge and modern research, we propose that polycystic kidney disease should be treated by dispersing nodules and eliminating stagnation, activating blood circulation and promoting water circulation, creating Tu-Yuan Kidney Cyst Tang, combined with symptomatic supportive treatment to delay the progress of renal failure in polycystic kidney patients and alleviate patients’ pain.