Gout is the most common form of inflammatory arthritis and is caused by elevated levels of a salt called “sodium urate” in the body’s blood, which exceeds saturation levels and results in the formation of monosodium urate crystals. Deposition of monosodium urate occurs mainly in the peripheral joints and surrounding tissues and is called gout. It is characterized by acute onset of peripheral monoarticular synovitis with severe pain, partial dissolution of the crystals within a few days or 1-2 weeks, and encapsulation of the surrounding fibrous tissue if they cannot dissolve. The disease is also associated with many diseases that affect human life expectancy and quality of life, such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, and kidney disease, all of which can be combined with gout and are mutually reinforcing with gout. In addition, gout is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of gout is highly variable, ranging from 0.1-10%; the incidence has been reported to be about 0.3-6 cases/1000 people* per year. Differences in statistical methods make direct comparison of the incidence and prevalence of gout between countries difficult. However, data from recent decades show that the prevalence and incidence of gout are on the rise and show unevenness among countries and regions, but in general, developing countries are generally lower than developed countries. The prevalence of gout is highest in coastal countries or regions; the economic burden of gout in developed countries is higher than that in developing countries, and its prevalence and incidence are still on the rise. In China, the incidence and prevalence of gout have been increasing year by year with economic development. The incidence of gout is ethnically specific, for example, Māori and indigenous Taiwanese people have a higher incidence, which also suggests the importance of genetic predisposition to gout. Gout is the result of a combination of genetic and environmental factors, including hyperuricemia, age, gender, socioeconomic factors, low-fiber, high-protein dietary factors, medications, comorbidities, lead exposure, and other conditions conducive to monosodium urate crystal formation, all of which are high risk factors for the development of gout.