16-year-old patient with microsurgery for varicocele. Microligation maintains the integrity of the vas deferens and the venous system. For millimeter testicular arteries, the microscopic technique is the optimal choice and is significantly superior to other methods in terms of postoperative complication rate and comprehensive assessment of semen parameter improvement and conception rate. Varicocele is the dilatation and tortuosity of the veins of the trapezius plexus of the scrotum and is an important cause of male infertility, accounting for approximately 15% of the male population and 35%-40% of the male infertility population. Due to its anatomical location, it tends to occur on the left side, but recently it has been found to occur bilaterally and simultaneously. Varicocele, how many surgical options are available? Surgical treatment for varicocele mainly includes retroperitoneal spermatic vein high ligation, laparoscopic spermatic vein high ligation and microscopic spermatic vein ligation. Currently, the level of surgery and medical equipment varies from hospital to hospital in China, and the surgical methods used vary. The spermatic cord contains blood vessels (including the internal spermatic artery and the internal spermatic vein) and lymphatic vessels, and varicocele surgery requires ligation of all spermatic veins while protecting the internal spermatic artery and lymphatic vessels. Due to the anatomical characteristics of the spermatic cord and the different surgical approaches and sites, the three surgical approaches currently in use have different surgical results and postoperative complication rates. The main postoperative complications include recurrence, syringomyelia, and testicular atrophy due to testicular artery injury. Microscopic spermatic vein ligation has unparalleled advantages over other surgical methods in terms of surgical outcomes and complications. What are the advantages of microscopic spermatic vein ligation? Microscopic ligation has now become the procedure of choice for the treatment of varicocele in the United States. In China, it is only carried out in a small number of large hospitals and is far from popular due to the constraints of concept, technology and equipment, but there is a springing up trend. Through microscopic spermatic vein ligation at high level, we can maintain the integrity of the vas deferens and its vascular system because the testicular arteries, lymphatic vessels and veins of smaller diameter are magnified 10 times under the microscope, and at the same time we can clearly free and ligate all the internal spermatic veins, and at this time we can also ligate off the branches of the external spermatic veins because of the trans-inguinal incision. Therefore, the postoperative complication rate and the overall assessment of the improvement of semen parameters and conception rate of microscopic technique spermatic cord ligation are significantly better than other methods.