Primary liver cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in China. The mortality rate of primary liver cancer in China fluctuates between 20-24 per 100,000 people and has become the first cause of death in rural areas and the second cause of death in urban areas. The annual number of cases in China accounts for 43.7% of the world. The disease can occur at any age, mostly between 40-49 years old, and the ratio of men to women is 3-5:1. Liver cancer is mainly distributed in the southeast coastal area of China, with four high incidence points: Qidong Haimen, Jiangsu, Tongan, Fujian, Shunde, Guangdong, and Fusui, Guangxi. Epidemiological surveys have found that the HBsAg positivity rate of people in high incidence areas of liver cancer is higher than that in low incidence areas, and the serum HBsAg positivity rate of liver cancer patients is significantly higher than that of healthy people. Many scholars believe that the cause of family gathering may be due to the vertical transmission of viral hepatitis from mother to child. In the past, the natural course of the disease was thought to be about 2-6 months, so it was called the “king of cancer”. Nowadays, it is believed that the natural course of the disease is about 24 months. In recent years, according to the screening of methotrexate, cases detected in early stage may not have any clinical symptoms and signs, which is called subclinical hepatocellular carcinoma. According to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, it can be divided into: 1. Pre-subclinical stage refers to the period from the beginning of lesion to the diagnosis of subclinical hepatocellular carcinoma, when the patient has no symptoms and signs and is difficult to be detected clinically, which is about 10 months on average. From the establishment of subclinical hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis to the appearance of symptoms is subclinical stage, patients still have no symptoms and signs, and the tumor is about 3-5 cm, which is still difficult to diagnose, and it is mostly detected by AFP census, and the average time of this period is about 8 months. 3.Once the clinical manifestation of liver cancer appears, it has already reached the middle stage. At this time, the disease develops rapidly, and jaundice, ascites, lung metastasis and even extensive metastasis and advanced manifestation of cachexia, middle and advanced stages may appear soon. When hepatocellular carcinoma develops to advanced stage, the tumor diameter has reached about 10 cm, which is difficult to be cured. Clinical manifestations: pain in liver area, enlarged liver, vascular murmur, signs of portal hypertension, jaundice, progressive wasting, weakness, loss of appetite, abdominal distension, diarrhea, malnutrition and cachexia, and other complications such as hypoglycemia. It belongs to the categories of “accumulation”, “obstruction”, “jaundice”, “bulging” and “dysthymia” in Chinese medicine. Complications include upper gastrointestinal bleeding, hepatic coma, rupture and bleeding of hepatocellular carcinoma nodules, and secondary infection. However, the proportion of recurrence after surgery is very high, so regular review and long-term Chinese medicine and immunotherapy are advocated to reduce the risk of recurrence and metastasis. In the middle and late stage, if surgery cannot be removed but the general condition still allows, a variety of local therapies can be chosen, such as hepatic artery chemoembolization (commonly known as interventional therapy), radiation therapy, ultrasonic knife focus (commonly known as hayabusa), intratumoral alcohol or drug injection, radiofrequency therapy, and combined with Chinese medicine, immunotherapy, etc. Some patients can also achieve good results. Some early-stage patients who cannot tolerate surgery due to their age or other combined physical diseases can also try a combination of local treatment and Chinese medicine and immunotherapy.