Surgery for chest wall tuberculosis is usually minor and may be done under local anesthesia in some cases, while severe cases of chest wall tuberculosis may require several larger surgical procedures. Chest wall tuberculosis is one of the conditions in systemic dissemination of tuberculosis, which generally requires strict anti-tuberculosis treatment and effective control and basic stabilization of tuberculosis symptoms in the lungs or other parts of the body before surgical treatment can be carried out. Simple tuberculosis of the chest wall, without lesions involving the ribs, can be treated with puncture and drainage of pus and intracavitary injection of anti-tuberculosis drugs on a trial basis. In cases of secondary infection, continuous drainage after lesion incision and application of antibiotics to control the infection are required, followed by lesion excision treatment. Severe cases of chest wall tuberculosis may require extended debridement of the lesion and resection of the involved bone under general anesthesia, with continuous postoperative drainage, followed by follow-up treatment after 2 weeks depending on the condition of the operated area. Surgery for chest wall tuberculosis may be simple or complex, and specialist thoracic surgery is recommended.