Osteoporosis has become a common and prevalent disease in the elderly, especially for some elderly women, where postmenopausal hormone levels decline, leading to severe osteoporosis. Many elderly patients often suffer from osteoporotic compression thoracolumbar vertebral fractures without their knowledge. Our department has recently admitted several elderly patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar fractures, some due to lifting heavy objects, some due to lumbar trauma, and even more, the pain in the low back occurs immediately after just a cough or a sneeze. However, most elderly people can still sit or walk after a compression fracture of the vertebral body, and the pain is not severe from early on, so they do not pay attention to it and often neglect to treat it in a timely manner, leaving a long-term chronic pain until the old fracture of the thoracolumbar spine is detected by radiography during a later consultation. There may also be many patients or their families who are reluctant to be hospitalized for fear of surgery, and rest at home even when low back pain occurs. In fact, with the development of modern medical technology, not all vertebral fractures can only be fixed and cured by traditional incision and placement of internal fixation devices. With the development of minimally invasive technology, more and more patients can be effectively cured by the mode of small trauma, low risk and short hospitalization period. The following is a patient with an osteoporotic compression fracture of the thoracic 12 vertebrae that was cured by our department. The patient was a 78-year-old woman who was admitted to the hospital with the main reason of “pain in the lower back due to a fall for 1 day”, and the radiographs indicated that the thoracic 12 vertebral body was compressed by about 1/2, and the osteoporosis of the thoracic and lumbar vertebral bodies was obvious. After hospitalization, bone density examination suggested that the thoracic vertebrae and lumbar vertebrae were severely osteoporotic. Due to the patient’s advanced age, wasting, poor body resistance and poor tolerance, the patient and his family requested our department to restore the patient’s ability to care for himself in daily life and reduce the chance of complications while ensuring medical safety. The final treatment plan was determined to be: percutaneous puncture balloon-expandable kyphoplasty (PKP), which requires only a fine needle puncture into the vertebral body under local anesthesia and is a classical procedure in minimally invasive orthopedic surgery, often used for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures in the elderly. The patient was able to get out of bed and walk around the day after the operation, and felt a significant reduction in back pain compared with the preoperative period. The patient was discharged three days after surgery. After six months of follow-up in our department, the patient had no pain around the lumbar surgery area (diseased vertebrae) and her life was no different from before the injury. The patient as well as his family expressed great satisfaction with this treatment experience. Postoperative photos.