Hydrocephalus is one of the common diseases in neurosurgery. It is a general term for the increase in cranial pressure and enlargement of the ventricles of the brain secondary to an excessive amount of cerebrospinal fluid and an increase in pressure due to a disorder in the process of cerebrospinal fluid production or circulation and absorption, which expands the space occupied by normal cerebrospinal fluid. It is mostly secondary to intracranial infections, craniocerebral injuries, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and other diseases or for unknown reasons. Clinically, it is divided into traffic hydrocephalus and non-traffic hydrocephalus. If left untreated, it can lead to mental retardation. There may be only mild memory and calculation loss, often accompanied by slowness, apathy, and reticence. In severe cases, dementia may be present. A few may have agitation, irritability, erratic crying and laughing, hallucinations, delirium, etc.; leading to impaired mobility. It often begins gradually after the onset of psychiatric symptoms, with difficulty starting and slow and unstable walking. Muscle tone and tendon reflexes are often increased, with positive reflexes; sometimes presenting with mild hemiparesis; urinary and bowel disorders. Frequent, incontinent or difficult urination and defecation, sometimes only in the late stages. In addition, there may be vertigo, transient disorders of consciousness, nystagmus, and Paxinson’s syndrome. So, how is hydrocephalus treated? Most hydrocephalus requires surgery, and there are many surgical procedures. For example: 1, surgery to reduce cerebrospinal fluid secretion: choroid plexus resection after cautery, now less used; 2, surgery to remove the cause of ventricular obstruction: such as cerebral aqueduct formation or dilatation, median foraminotomy and intracranial occupying lesion removal, etc.; 3, cerebrospinal fluid shunt: the purpose of surgery is to establish cerebrospinal fluid circulation pathway, release the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid, both for traffic or non-traffic hydrocephalus. Commonly used shunts include lateral ventricle – cerebellar medullary pool shunt, third ventriculostomy, lateral ventricle – ventral cavity, superior sagittal sinus, atrium, external jugular vein and other shunts. Among them, ventriculo-abdominal shunt is widely used because of its simple operation and reliable efficacy. However, there are many complications of ventriculo-abdominal shunt, such as blockage of the shunt system, infection, excessive or insufficient shunts, split ventricle syndrome, epilepsy, and optic nerve injury. Complications of ventriculo-abdominal endotracheal tube include shunt displacement, fracture, organ perforation, intestinal obstruction, abdominal fluid accumulation, etc. In recent years, minimally invasive shunts have applied new minimally invasive surgical techniques to ventriculo-abdominal shunts, which have many advantages such as less trauma, less disturbance to the abdominal cavity, reduction of abdominal adhesions or even the ability to release minor abdominal adhesions, inconspicuous and concealed postoperative scar, mild pain, and quick recovery. It should be noted that the catheter has little impact on the patient’s normal life and work. Compared with the preoperative period, all symptoms such as confusion and babbling disappear, and the quality of life can be greatly improved and enhanced.