Scoliosis refers to the deviation of one or more segments of the spine from the effect body midline in the coronal plane to form a lateral bend mostly accompanied by rotation of the spine and increased or decreased sagittal lordosis or anterior lordosis of the rib cage and pelvis, as well as abnormalities of the ligaments and muscles next to the vertebrae The lateral bend of the spine measured by the Cobb method in a standing orthopantomograph is considered scoliosis if the angle is >10°. Classification of scoliosis 1, congenital scoliosis is a postnatal abnormality with triangular hemivertebrae, butterfly vertebrae, fused vertebrae, and rib development, resulting in a tilt of the spine, leading to scoliosis or kyphosis. It is less common clinically and requires surgical correction. 2, idiopathic scoliosis refers to the imbalance of neuromuscular forces, resulting in the original physiological curvature of the spine into a pathological curvature, that is, the original thoracic lordosis into a lateral convexity. Clinically common, mostly due to long-term bad posture, bad habits caused by the majority of conservative treatment to achieve the desired results. Clinical manifestations of scoliosis The appearance of deformity caused by scoliosis is not obvious in the early stage, especially when wearing clothes. It often manifests as high and low shoulders (uneven neckline, one shoulder is higher than the other); uneven scapulae (bulging back on one side); lateralized torso (the whole trunk is skewed); asymmetry of the waist (folds on one side of the waist; one hip is higher than the other); tilted pelvis; long and short feet (lower limbs on both sides are not equal in length), etc. At this time, you can do some simple checks for your child, such as touching the spine’s spines with your hand to see if they are in a straight line, or having your child stand upright and bend forward to see if the back is symmetrical. If you find it, you should go to the hospital as soon as possible for an examination. Treatment of scoliosis 1, conservative treatment Generally speaking, if the degree of scoliosis is below 20°, it can be observed regularly; 20°-30° progresses more than 5° per year or the initial diagnosis is above 30° should be treated. 30°-45° patients can be protected by braces, and adherence to brace treatment can limit the progress of scoliosis very well. 2, surgical treatment 45 ° or more or rapid progress of not only physical deformity, and affect the cardiopulmonary function, should be operated as soon as possible. The purpose of surgical treatment is: ① to correct the formed bending deformity; ② to prevent the continued development of scoliosis. Scoliosis should be treated as early as possible after it is detected. The best time for surgery is usually between the ages of 10-20. Patients who need surgery should choose the appropriate time. In principle, the younger the age, the better the flexibility of the spine, the easier the scoliosis will be to correct and the less risky the surgery will be. However, a child too young for fusion surgery may affect development and develop a small thorax. In the case of girls, it is best to perform the surgery after the onset of menstruation, because the onset of menstruation indicates the peak of growth and development of the girl, when the curvature will have a more rapid development. After the age of 20, growth slows down or stops and scoliosis progresses more slowly. Prevention of scoliosis 1. When bathing, pay attention to whether the child’s back is symmetrical whether there is a local bulge, if there is suspicion, let the child bend forward to keep the knee straight, and stand on the opposite side of the child yourself, if there is asymmetry, go to the hospital for a film examination. 2. Check the skin for abnormal hair or tumor-like protrusions. Abnormal hair often indicates a deformity such as spina bifida, while an echogenic or subcutaneous mass suggests a possible neurofibroma. 3. Check if the child has abnormal gait and if the pelvis is horizontal. Since the age of onset of scoliosis varies, children should be examined regularly to avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment.